도시 중정형 집합주택계획에 관한 연구

이화실 東義大學校 1996 국내석사

학부모로서의 결혼이주여성을 위한 한국어 교재 개발 : 발음 중심의 말하기 교재 개발

이화실 이화여자대학교 외국어교육특수대학원 2023 국내석사

정서중심 심리상담에서 정서 이면 욕구 확인의 치료적 효과

李花實 서울대학교 대학원 2017 국내박사

题目:在情绪焦点治疗中,辅导情绪背后需求的治疗效果 在心理咨询中,辅导情绪的目的是为了导出受助者的心理变化。人的情绪本身就有内在适应潜力,因此在辅导过程中,不仅要体验情绪还要通过情绪处理过程接近核心情绪背后的需求。受助者通过认知情绪背后的需求从而了解包含在自身经验的含义,而且情绪背后的需求可以作为重新构成不适应性情绪策略(maladaptive emotion scheme)的内在资源。确认情绪背后需求的治疗可以增加受助者的自我安慰能力和自我情绪调节能力。另外,依近代神经心理的观点,情绪电路和自主神经系统与右脑紧密相连,并通过迷走神经电路相互沟通,所以情绪调节效果可以反应在通过自主神经系统调节的血压调节上。接近情绪背后,确认需求的治疗也有助于受助者接纳(accept)情绪体验。因此,本研究旨在探讨确认情绪背后需求的效果。在情绪焦点治疗里,可以把确认情绪背后需求的过程看作是一系列的阶段性治疗过程。第一、要形成治疗关系,第二、要激活以往的情绪经验进而探索受助者心里的情绪策略过程(emotion schematic processes), 第三、要接近与次级情绪(secondary emotion)有关的初始情绪(primary emotion) 从而接近背后的需求和渴望等内在资源。因此在本研究,把确认情绪背后需求的过程看作是以几个治疗要素构成的阶段性治疗过程,并且根据情绪焦点治疗(Emotion-Focused Therapy)、共鸣理解(emphatic understanding)、验证(validation)、现实治疗(reality therapy),非暴力沟通(nonviolence communication)等理论说明的确认情绪背后需求战略和方法构成了治疗要素。换句话说,这个干预过程按顺序分为情绪认知(emotion awareness),情绪解释(emotion interpretation),寻找和情绪有关的刺激,确认需求(needs confirmation)等四个治疗的因素。为了验证确认需求治疗的效果,本研究采用由赫普纳等人(1999年; 金桂玄,2000年)提出的咨询和研究战略中的治疗因素细分策略(dismantling strategy)。为了核实确认需求治疗(治疗因子)的效果,在实验组按顺序实施了情绪认知,情绪分析,寻找和情绪有关的刺激,确认需求等四种措施,在对照组实施了情绪认知,情绪分析,寻找情绪刺激措施,然后观察了实验组和对照组之间是否有可观的效果差异。为了使两个组所需要的时间一致,比较组做完所需三个治疗后陈述了实验的过程。除了被判定为不适合的10名参与者的数据以外, 54名本科生和研究生参与者的数据用于本次研究分析。在这项研究中,把异性关系中经历的愤怒作为治疗的对象,然后实验是由基线- 激活- 治疗的过程构成。受试者先被随机分配到实验组和对照组,后续进行预先检查后,回忆异性关系中经历的愤怒事件而激活情绪,然后对实验组和对照组分别执行不同的治疗,即最后进行最终测定。本研究主要结果如下。首先,受试者根据实验条件在情绪状态的变化上有显著差异。在负性情绪(negative affect)上,实验组比对照组出现较低的负性情绪。在正性情绪(positive affect)上,经过治疗后的实验组的正性情绪上升,反而对照组的情绪下降。这表明负性情绪的减少显示了确认需求治疗的效果, 还说明为了增加正性情绪,不能只满足于情绪认知、情绪解释,还需要确认情绪背后的需求。第二,确认需求治疗对降低收缩期血压有明显的效果。受试者根据实验条件在收缩期血压有明显的变化而且实验组比对照组降低更明显。在舒张期血压,对照组的舒张期血压在治疗后略微增加,然而实验组的舒张期血压维持激活之后的状态,两组间无显著差异。第三,受试者根据实验条件在经验接受(experience acceptance)程度上有显著差异。实验组比对照组有更高的体验接纳(willingness)能力。 这表明确认需求治疗对增加经验接纳能力有很好的效果。从上述结果可以判断确认需求治疗不仅对降低负性情绪有效而且对增加正性情绪也有效果。此外,也可以判断对降低收缩期血压和增加经验接纳能力也有效果。根据这些研究成果,讨论了相关研究的未来方向和对心理咨询的含义。 主要词汇: 情绪,需求,确认需求, 治疗效果

방과 후 체육클럽 참여가 신체적 자기개념과 자기효능감 및 학교생활만족에 미치는 영향

이화실 한서대학교 2017 국내석사

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of participating after-school-physical education(PE)-club on physical self-concept, self-efficacy, and school life satisfaction. For the purpose of this study, a questionnaire survey was carried out to 234 high school students in Incheon-si and Gyeonggi-do. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 8.0 and the results are as follows. First, there were significant differences in the effect of after-school-PE-club on physical self-concept according to the participation and absence. Specifically, it was found that there were significant differences in sports competence, physical competence and physical health competence. Second, there were significant differences in the effect of after-school-PE-club on physical self-efficacy according to the participation and absence. Specifically, it was found that there were significant differences in general efficacy, social efficacy and sports efficacy. Third, there were significant differences in the effect of after-school-PE-club on school life satisfaction according to the participation and absence. Fourth, there were significant differences in the effect of after-school-PE-club on physical self-concept according to the participation time. Specifically, it was found that there were significant differences in sports competence, general physical competence and physical health competence. Fifth, there were significant differences in the effect of after-school-PE-club on physical self-efficacy according to the participation time. Specifically, it was found that there were significant differences in general efficacy, social efficacy and sports efficacy. At last, there were significant differences in the effect of after-school-PE-club on school life satisfaction according to the participation time. The results of this study showed that participants in after-school-PE-club had higher self-concept, self-efficacy, and school life satisfaction, and if the participation time on after-school-PE activity was longer, all variables were higher, which reflected the significance of after-school-PE activity. Therefore, it seems necessary that the after-school-PE-club might be expanded to solve school problems which could be developed from the school environments. 본 연구는 방과 후 체육클럽 참여가 신체적 자기개념과 자기효능감 및 학교생활만족에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 그 목적을 두었다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 인천광역시 및 경기도 소재의 고등학생 234명을 대상으로 설문지를 이용하여 수집된 자료를 SPSS 18.0과 AMOS 8.0을 이용하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 방과 후 체육클럽 참여 유무에 따른 신체적 자기개념에 미치는 영향은 참여여부에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 이를 구체적으로 살펴본 결과 스포츠 유능감, 신체전반 유능감, 신체건강 유능감 모두에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 방과 후 체육클럽 참여 유무에 따른 자기효능감에 미치는 영향은 참여여부에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 이를 구체적으로 살펴본 결과 일반적 효능감, 사회적 효능감, 스포츠 효능감 모두에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 방과 후 체육클럽 참여 유무에 따른 학교생활만족에 미치는 영향은 참여여부에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 넷째, 방과 후 체육클럽 참여시간에 따른 신체적 자기개념에 미치는 영향은 참여시간에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 이를 구체적으로 살펴본 결과 스포츠 유능감, 신체전반 유능감, 신체건강 유능감 모두에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 다섯째, 방과 후 체육클럽 참여 시간에 따른 자기효능감에 미치는 영향은 참여시간에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 이를 구체적으로 살펴본 결과 일반적 효능감, 사회적 효능감, 스포츠 효능감 모두에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 여섯째, 방과 후 체육클럽 참여 시간에 따른 학교생활만족에 미치는 영향은 참여시간에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구 결과로 방과 후 체육활동 참여자가 신체적 자기개념 과 자기 효능 감 및 학교생활만족도에서 높게 나타났으며, 방과 후 체육활동 참여시간이 길면 길수록 전체적으로 높게 나타나 방과 후 체육활동의 중요성을 대변하고 있다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 일선학교에서 제기되는 학내문제를 해결하기 위해서는 방과 후 체육활동의 참여를 확대시켜야 한다고 생각 된다.

아파트 居住者의 家具와 住居用品의 所有 및 空間使用

이화실 全北大學校 1993 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to present basic data for better space plan of the apartment housing. Therefore this study observed housing lifestyles in the apartment dwellers. It was studied in relation to sociodemographic variables and the possession of housing goods and furniture, to physical variables and the possession of housing goods and furniture. Housewife age, educational level of housewife, family income, number of family members were sociodemographic variables. The sizes of floor plan space were physical variables. It also attempted to examine space usage in three type floor plan. Space usage means the furnishing of housing goods and furniture and the placement of furniture. The placement of furniture restricted within Anbang and Living room. Questionnaires were administered by interviewing 90 households from the three residential areas by the size of floor plan space, small(16pyong), middle(30pyong), large(59pyong). The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, crosstab and ANOVA-1. The major findings were as follows: 1) Sociodemographic variables proved to have high percentage in Z7-39 age, under the high school, 1800000-1000000 won, 4 family members. 2) Housewife age, schooling level, family income, number of family members were affected variables to the possession of housing goods and furniture except furniture possession to housewife age. 3) Relation to physical variables and the possession of housing goods and furniture was proved significance. 4) Space usage in three type floor plan was as follows. (1) It appeared similarity in the furnishing of housing goods and furniture in case of same floor plan. It surveyed that these similar trends resulted from subjection to given floor plan. That is, household living space is much restricted within unit plan, (2) Generally, the space of living room was used often in furnishing of furniture and housing goods. The living room was identified as the family-centered and most of their time together. (3) Composition of life space affected to furnish of housing goods and furniture. (4) Linear arrangement of sofa set and corner arrangement of Anbang furniture are a tendency to get a effective space for activities in living room. 5) The size of floor plan space was the most powerful variable to explain the possession and space usage of housing goods and furniture 6) The scarce of space result in pressing the household living Space hard 1he storage space should be planned and chosen after consideration of human factors according to the tastes, character of the users, and the space factors according to the composition of unit plan and the size of each living space In case of the small size plan, particularly, it needed to the Built in furniture as a effective method.

도시 이미지의 작품 구성에 관한 연구

이화실 숙명여자대학교 디자인대학원 1995 국내석사

Because human beings have the desire for aesthetics beyond the basic one for survival, we will be happy and stable whenever facing a beautiful scene. Such an experience of aesthetics may will be specific rather than Vague, So Various elements comprising our environment for actual living space can be eligible candidates for the aesthetic experience. Everyone has his or thrown feeling for such elements and thereby expresses a new image at will. In particular, artists are much more active in such experiences and desire to express the images stored in their sensing organs in their own languages. In other words, artists attempt to symbolize their own impressions to practice their artistic behaviors by describing various objects in space. With such basic concepts in mind, this study was aimed at composing the works through various images associated with the city. The background for the theme "city" can be enumerated as follows; Human beings are social animals, and so they form a group and proceed to build a city which changes with various elements. After all, the primary approach to the various features of a human or modern society should start with the reviews on the forms and images of variors structures. In this light, this study was focused on identifying uniform and monotonous building forms of the modern metropolitan city and thereby pursuing a form of city full of warmer and aesthetic elements. As such urban concepts and attributes are not handled in this study. Instead, the images of high-rise buildings forming a dense wood were captured to be expressed. Thereupon, the scences which seem to be hightlighted among diverse ones were extracted to be expressed in the working process. The approach for this study was based on theoretical reviews and actual expression of images : That is, the concepts of forms and their geometric formativeness were first reviewed in theoretical terms, and thereupon, urban buildings and their images were expressed. Next, such processes as designing, material treatment and dyeing were described sequentially with relevant photo presentations. The primary forms of this study were geometric ones, which can again be categorized into 1) simple transcription of cubes, 2) forms analyzed/trans formed into planar ones, 3) subjectively simplified ones and 4) applied patterns.

사업장별 화학물질배출량 공개가 지역별·업종별 화학물질배출량에 미친 영향에 관한 연구

이화실 서울대학교 대학원 2014 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to analyze the regional and industrial effect of the disclose information about the pollutant emission quantity on each workplace. According to Kraft, Stepha and Abel(2011), once the pollutant information released, community residents are able to be in advantageous position of obtaining information with a low cost and negotiating with businesses located in neighborhood. They argue that most businesses will change their business policies because public awareness is recognized as a consequence after the disclosure of information. However, Thaler & Sunstein(2009) put more emphasis in the method of disclosure given that industries are malleable to change only when the information is accessibly provided to community. This study is to examine whether the information disclosure of pollutant emission contributes to pollutant reduction. It is also to find the correlation between pollutant maleficence, emission quantity, and the effect of information disclosure, and ultimately to present implication on the current disclose system. To do this, I make hypothesis ; Pollutant would be declined when the government disclosed information about the pollutant emission quantity on each workplace or had determined to do it ; maleficent pollutant would be declined more than the other ; Pollutant which produced by group that emits more pollutant would be declined more than the other. I verify the hypothesis setting up the panel linear regression model with fixed effects based on paris-winstern estimation initiated by Song(2012). First, the emission quantities of 15 provinces * 19 mid-levels of manufacturing business are used as the dependent variable. In addition, to see the effect of information release according to pollutant harmfulness, pollutants are to be sorted in two groups such as 1group vs. 2group, toxicant vs. no-toxicant, carcinogens vs. no-carcinogens. In this model, the independent variables are dissected into the three periods, based on different method of information disclosure; voluntariness and forcibleness. For the past 10 years, there were crucial junctures with the method about opening information. In brief, from 2004 to 2007, no national-wide public information law existed and only specific regional and industries were regulated to release information. In 2008, the government determined policy about the compulsory information release of pollutant with period of suspension, 2years. So, during 2008 and 2010, only the information from voluntary workplace went public. In 2010, the grace period expiring, every workplace faced the duty to open its pollutant emission information. So, the period of 2004-2007 is used as the comparative period and two periods, 2008-2011 and 2010-2011(current) are analyzed as two dummy variables. Furthermore, the top 25% industry (5 out of 19) and the top 25% province*industry (70 out of 278) in the released quantity order are chosen differently to go into the relation between the emission quantity and the effect of disclose. For control variables, the total sales, the number of employee, research and development cost, regulation rate, monitoring rate, the number of environment group and turnout of provincial governor are considered. The finding of this study is as in the following. First, total release quantity of pollutant was at average found declined in 2008 and increased again in 2010. So total release went back to their emission pattern at 2010. Secondly, the hazardous pollutant group such as 1group, toxicant, and carcinogens is averagely significantly decreased in 2008 and slowly increased in 2010 in comparison with the rest group. This shows that businesses are more sensitive to the policy decision impact and its official announcement than to the information disclosure itself. Interestingly, this policy decision impact more enormously stands forth on toxic pollutant. But, the influence itself is not much noticeable, and it presumably stems from the low availability of the information presented to community. Thirdly, the top 25% industry in the released quantity, except 1group, is seen to emit more in 2008 and to hold this emission pattern until 2010 while the emission quantity of the average industry reduced in 2008 and increased in 2010. This implies that the pollution abatement cost of the top industry is way higher than the average industry considering the marginal pollution abatement benefit of top industry is not different from the average industry, more detailed examination is needed on the emission reduction cost of the top industry. Forth, the change of emission pattern from the top 25% region*industry is not statistically significant in 2008 and in 2010. However, the top region*industry has smaller coefficient than the average region*industry. This shows the top region*industry is less affected on the emission reduction by the regulation of the opening information. Additionally, in the accordance with the data that the top region*industry emission doesn’t increase unlike the top industry group, it is assumed that the region factor plays a role in offset the emission quantity. To conclude, the regulation impact of the current workplace pollutant release is less significant than expected and the top emission group was not sensitive as the average emission group. In addition, the correlation between pollutant maleficence and the effect of information disclosure is observed only in the average emission group. However, in respecting the top emission group’s smaller coefficient, difference between top industry and top region*industry and the change of 1group emission pattern, the profound impact is to be made with improvement in the disclosure method and with maximizing this opening information system by more regions. 본 연구는 사업장별로 화학물질배출량을 공개하는 것이 지역별·업종별 화학물질배출량을 감소시켰는가에 관한 연구이다. Kraft, Stepha and Abel(2011)은 화학물질배출량이 공개되면 지역주민의 정보획득비용이 낮아지고, 사업자는 배출량의 보고를 통해 배출한 화학물질이 지역주민에게 미치는 환경적 위해성을 비용으로 인식하게 되는 등의 과정을 통해 지역주민과 사업자 등의 행동을 변화시킬 수 있으며, 미국에서 TRI는 이러한 원리에 의하여 배출량 감소에 기여하였다고 설명하였다. 이와 관련하여, 탈러·선스타인(2009)은 정보를 공개한다는 사실 자체보다 정보공개의 방법이 중요하다고 지적하면서 정보를 제공받는 사람이 알기 쉬운 형태로 정보가 제공되어야 행위자들의 행동을 변화시킬 수 있다고 지적하였다. 본 연구는 사업장별로 화학물질배출량을 공개하는 것이 우리나라에서도 화학물질배출량 감축에 기여하였는지와 화학물질의 유해성 및 배출량의 규모에 따라 공개의 효과가 달라졌는지를 알아보고 제도의 운영방향에 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 알아보기 위하여 송종대(2012)가 제시한 모델을 기초로 패널 선형회귀방정식을 만들고 이를 검증하였다. 우선, 본 연구는 15개 광역시·도와 제조업 중분류 19개 업종으로 구분된 화학물질배출량을 종속변수로 이용하였다. 또한, 유해성에 따라 공개의 효과가 달라지는지를 알아보기 위하여 화학물질을 1그룹/2그룹, 유독물/비유독물, 발암물질/비발암물질로 구분하여 종속변수로 이용하였다. 사업장별 정보공개가 이루어지지 않았던 기간(2004년부터 2007년)을 연구의 비교집단으로 삼고 사업장별 정보공개가 결정되고 자발적으로 원하는 사업장만 정보를 공개하기 시작한 기간(2008년부터 2011년)과 실제로 사업장별로 정보가 공개되는 기간(2010년, 2011년)을 독립변수로 설정하였다. 이 때 배출량의 규모가 공개효과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 배출량이 많은 상위 25% 업종(19개 중 5개)과 배출량이 많은 상위 25% 지역*업종(279개 중 70개)에 대하여 별도로 공개효과를 볼 수 있도록 하였다. 정보의 공개 외에 화학물질배출량에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 변수들을 통제하기 위하여 매출액, 종업원 수, 연구개발비, 규제율, 적발율, 환경단체 수와 선거율을 통제변수로 이용하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과에 따르면, 첫째, 평균집단의 총배출량은 2008년에 감소하였다가 2010년에는 다시 증가하여 원 상태로 회복되는 추세를 보여준다. 둘째, 평균집단에서 유해한 화학물질군인 1그룹, 유독물, 발암물질의 배출량이 덜 유해한 화학물질군인 2그룹, 비유독물, 비발암물질의 배출량보다 2008년에 더 감소하고 2010년에 덜 증가하였다. 이는 사업장별 화학물질배출량 정보공개 사실의 결정 및 공표로 배출량이 감소했지만 사실상 정보공개가 이루어지자 다시 증가하는 등 배출량 정보공개의 영향이 크지 않음을 보여준다. 다만, 유해한 화학물질군이 화학물질출량 정보공개 사실의 결정 및 공표에 보다 영향을 받았다. 이와 같이 정보공개의 효과가 크지 않은 것은 현행의 배출량 정보가 사람들이 이용하기에 쉬운 형태로 제공되지 않는데 기인하는 것으로 보인다. 셋째, 상위 업종은 2008년 1그룹을 제외하고는 배출량이 증가하고 2010년에는 유의미한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 넷째, 상위 지역*업종은 2008년과 2010년 모두 유의미한 변화를 보이지 않았지만, 평균 지역*업종보다 작은 계수 값을 가진다. 즉, 상위 업종의 1그룹을 제외하고는 상위 집단에서 유해한 화학물질이 더 감소하는 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 상위 업종과 평균 업종의 배출량 저감으로 인한 한계편익이 같다고 가정할 때, 상위 업종의 배출량 감소 효과가 더 적게 나타났다는 것은 상위 업종의 배출량 저감 한계비용이 평균 업종보다 높을 수 있음을 시사하는 것이므로 상위 업종의 배출량 저감 비용에 대한 면밀한 검토가 필요하다. 그런데 상위 지역*업종에서는 상위 업종과 달리 배출량이 증가하지 않아 상위 업종의 배출량 증가효과가 지역의 효과로 상쇄될 수도 있음을 보여준다. 따라서 본 연구 결과에 따르면 현재의 사업장별 정보공개가 화학물질 배출량 저감에 기대한 만큼 영향을 주지는 않았고 그 영향은 상위 집단에서 더 작았다. 특히, 유해한 화학물질이 더 감소하는 효과는 평균 집단에서만 나타났다. 그러나 상위집단의 계수 값 변화, 상위 업종과 상위 지역*업종의 차이, 상위 업종에서 1그룹의 변화 등을 고려하면 정보의 공개방식을 개선하고, 지역 주민 등이 정보를 적극적으로 활용할 수 있도록 지원한다면 공개의 효과가 달라질 수도 있음을 시사한다.

자아정체감 지위로 본 한국 대학생들의 진로성숙도 : Foreclosure를 중심으로

Li, Huashi 서울대학교 대학원 2010 국내석사