敎育行政職 公務員 昇進 및 轉補의 公正性:慶尙南道를 中心으로

이지동 경상대학교 행정대학원 2006 국내석사

As a nation's education system reflects its future, education is very important for national development. Human resources development through education would be the engine of national development in Korea or other nations with not much natural resources. Education is the long-term foundation of national development and educational administration plays a major role in education. To create contributive and successful educational administration and reformation, public education administrators must constantly be motivated and encouraged. However, public education administrators in Gyeongsangnam-do Office of Education are neither motivated nor encouraged because of their bad work environment in isolated regions and they distrust the fairness of promotion and reposition. This study carefully analyzed and diagnosed the problem with fair promotion and reposition of Gyeongsangnam-do's public educational administrators to present improvement measures that secure fair and reasonable promotion and reposition to contribute to the motivation and encouragement of public education administrators. In order to examine the factors influencing the fairness of promotion and reposition of public educational administrators, this study established a theoretical foundation using prior studies and documents and implemented a substantial analysis on public educational administrators at grade five or lower who are currently working for education organizations and administrations that are affiliate to Gyeongsangnam-do Office of Education. By doing so, this study examined factors influencing fairness of promotion and reposition and sought for practical measures to contribute to a healthier and more uplifting environment of educational administration. The following briefly summarizes the findings of this study: First, a frequency analysis was implemented on the fairness of promotion and reposition of public educational administrators and it was found that most of public educational administrators think that promotion and reposition system is generally fair, but is not practiced in fair ways. This means that a fair system has been established, but unfair factors, such as subjectivity and personal connections, apply to its practice. The frequency analysis of factors of fairness of promotion and reposition revealed that most administrators think that the decision-makers receive special requests and bribery from nominees for both promotion and reposition and let their subjective ideas intervene in making decisions. Most of them also believed that personal connections influence both promotion and reposition, although decision-makers generally consider nominees objective performances in the examination process, and understood that satisfying reposition does not happen most of the times. As for the accuracy of multilateral evaluation in examination, most of them thought that it is not accurate. In addition, they thought that all evaluation results must be opened up, that auditorial organizations and public officers' unions are not very influential, and that internal reporting rarely affects promotion and reposition decisions. Second, according to a regression analysis, special requests, excessive subjective intervention, personal connection, consideration of performance, satisfying arrangement, accuracy of multilateral evaluation, activities of auditorial organizations, and activities of public officers' union were influential to the fairness of public educational administrators' promotion and reposition. Internal reporting was also correlated to the fairness of promotion, but it was not correlated to the fairness of reposition. Most of them felt that promotion and reposition were more unfair when they thought that special requests are more influential, decision-makers' subjective intervention was more excessive, personal connections were stronger, and opening up of evaluation results was more important. They also felt that promotion and reposition were unfair when they thought auditorial organizations and public officers' unions were less effective. The idea that decision-makers do not consider objective performances, multilateral evaluation is inaccurate, and internal reporting exist made administrators feel that promotion was unfair, and the idea that satisfying arrangement rarely happens made them feel that reposition is unfair. Third, according to a regression analysis on demographical and social characteristics, more women thought that promotion and reposition were unfair and younger administrators showed lower averages of fairness values. All grades except for grade 7 showed lower averages for lower grades and those who work for lower divisions and local offices believed more strongly believed that promotion and reposition are unfair. Also, all experiences except for ‘5-10 years’ showed lower averages of fairness for shorter experiences. Factors that critically influence public officers' development and motivation were fair evaluation and promotion and reposition as rewards. In spite of many efforts to improve fairness of promotion and reposition, this has been the most inferior field of personnel administration and must be fixed as soon as possible. However, it would not be easy to reform promotion and reposition practice and it has been a local custom for a long time. Therefore, we must establish new improvement measures, set high legal standards, and encourage dignitaries to devote themselves to improvement measures.

임파워먼트가 고객지향성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : -직무관여와 공헌의욕의 매개효과를 중심으로-

이지동 전북대학교 경영대학원 2010 국내석사

In this study, it is largely true that a modern company employee usually spends most of a day, working at company, specially in Korea. Accordingly, an employee desires more benefit from company and the company, on the other hand, requires the employee to carry out more job duties, resulting in complicated and highly stressful work environment. The highest virtue which a modern company employee is required by an employer is serving customers professionally. It is also reported that the portion of service business in Korean economy already exceeded 60% of GDP in the year of 1998. Due to inherent characteristics of service business, an employee can not avoid interaction with customers in the process of producing service products and delivering them to customers. Naturally, the employee's emotional condition or status is detected by or delivered to customers when they interact. Thus, because service products are delivered to customers by personal contact or interaction, an employee's attitude and behaviour toward customers at customer contact point greatly affects business performance of the company. Based on phenomena mentioned above, in this dissertation, the effects of employee empowerment on maturity level of customer-oriented business are studied and presented in conjunction with an employee's voluntary job participation and desire for contribution to business success. Employee empowerment and customer oriented business are studied in previous research works, respectively. However, the relation between these two subject has not yet actively studied. In this study, employee empowerment and customer-oriented business in conjunction with an employee's voluntary job participation and desire for contribution are defined from the standpoint of social learning theory. In addition, effects of employee empowerment on the maturity level of customer-oriented business by means of promoting an employee's voluntary job participation and desire for contribution are analysed from theoretical standpoint. To accomplish the objective of this study, analyses of 240 relevant data provided by a local bank in J city, of which main business is financial service to local customers, were carried out to come to an conclusion that employee empowerment significantly affects the maturity level of customer-oriented business by promoting an employee's voluntary job participation and desire for contributing to company business. Based on the research results, it is clearly understood that a modern business entity such as a bank should free itself from conventional organizational culture and empower employees properly to secure sustainability of own business in highly competitive present business environment through promoting employees' voluntary job participation and desire for contributing to company business.

수행 결과 명확성 차이에 따른 정확한 피드백과 부정확한 피드백의 직무 수행에 미치는 효과 비교

이지동 중앙대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 피드백 정확도와 수행 결과 명확성이 수행에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 것이었다. 추가적으로, 피드백 정확도에 대한 인식을 조사했다. 참가자들은 서울에 위치한 C 대학 재학생 120명이었다. 본 연구에서는 컴퓨터를 통해 이용한 가상의 도서 정리 과제를 사용했다. 본 연구의 독립변인은 피드백 정확도(정확한 피드백 vs. 부정확한 피드백)와 수행 결과 명확성(수행 결과가 명확한 과제 vs. 수행 결과가 불명확한 과제)이었으며, 종속변인은 참가자들의 올바른 수행 빈도와 피드백 정확도 인식이었다. 실험은 총 12회기로써 사전회기 1회기와 실험회기 11회기로 구성되었으며 각 회기는 5분이었다. 연구 결과, 수행 결과가 명확한 과제 조건에서, 정확한 피드백이 부정확한 피드백 보다 수행 향상 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 수행 결과가 불명확한 과제 조건에서는 두 피드백 간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 과제 조건에 따른 피드백 정확도 효과 차이는 피드백 정확도 인식 차이로 인해 나타났을 수 있다. 본 연구 결과는 피드백 정확도와 수행 결과 명확성에 따라 수행에 미치는 피드백의 효과가 달라질 수 있으며, 조직 상황에 따라 부정확한 피드백도 수행을 효과적으로 향상시킬 수 있다는 것을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction effects of feedback accuracy and conspicuousness of performacne outcome on work performance. One hundred twenty participants were recruited and asked to perform a simulated book shelving task. The independent variables were feedback accuracy(accurate feedback vs. inaccurate feedback) and conspicuousness of performance outcome(conspicuous task vs. inconspicuous task). The dependent variables were the number of correctly completed work tasks and the perceived feedback accuracy of participants. The results showed that accurate feedback was more effective in increasing the performance than inaccurate feedback under the conspicuous task. However, under the inconspicuous task, no difference in performance was found between accurate feedback and inaccurate feedback.

랫드 후지에서 허혈 유발 후 척수신경절 내 Somatostatin receptor subtype 2의 발현 변화

이지동 翰林大學校 2003 국내박사

It has been reported that ischemic hind limb injury in rats leads to chronic pain-related behaviors. Thus, rats exhibit aversive reactions to innocuous mechanical stimuli (mechanical allodynia). Substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), opioids and somatostatin have been suggested to play a role in the transmission of neurotransmitters and modulation of pain. It has been reported that SP, CGRP and opioids receptors are primarily present on small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells, however, somatostatin was seen on medium-sized DRG cells. Of five subtypes of somatostatin receptors (sstr), sstr2A and sstr2B are very important to modulate and transmit the pain sensation. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the spatial and temporal alterations of sstr2 immunoreactivity after ischemic insult in the rat hind limb. In the normal spinal cord, sstr2A immunoreactivity was contained in a dense network within the laminae I and Ⅱ of the dorsal horn at spinal levels (L_(4)∼L_(6)). In contrast to sstr2A, sstr2B immunoreactivity exhibited throughout the laminae Ⅲ-Ⅵ. In the sham DRG, sstr2A and sstr2B immunoreactivities were found in medium-sized neurons. Two hours after ischemia-reperfusion, the number of sstr2A- and sstr2B-immunoreavtive (IR) neurons decreased. Thereafter, the sstr2A- and sstr2B-IR neurons markedly decreased at 12 hours after ischemia-reperfusion. One day after ischemia-reperfusion, the sstr2A- and sstr2B-IR neurons started to recover in the number and immunoreactivity. Furthermore, 3 days after ischemia-reperfusion, sstr2A/B immunoreactivity decreased again in the number and immunoreactivity, and 7 days after ischemia-reperfusion, their immunoreactivities were observed very weakly in the cytoplasm. These results suggest that the different presence beween sstr2A (laminae I and II) and sstr2B (laminae Ⅲ-Ⅵ) may play a modulation of sensory functions at different regions in the L_(4)-L_(6) levels of the spinal cord. Also, these results suggest that the chronological alterations of sstr2A and sstr2B immunoreactivities in the DRG cells may be important to control the pain after transient ischemic insult in the hind limb.

정상 한국 성인의 상완골과 관절와의 후경각의 측정

李智童 翰林大學校 大學院 1999 국내석사

In arthroplasty of proximal humerus, most descriptions of surgical technique recommend positioning the humeral component in 30 to 40 degrees of retroversion. However, average humeral head retroversion was showed significant wide range (16-35 degrees) from literature based on variable measuring technique. So we performed a computed tomograpic study in an effort to define the specific anatomical relationships and evaluate their use as guidelines. Ten groups by gender and age (from third to seventh decade) were used in the present study. Number of each group was twenty. Retroversion of proximal humerus and glenoid at each sections were measured using the lines that were connecting the peripheral margins of the articular surface of the humeral head, central points of the humeral epicondyles paralleling to the trochlea and the glenoid surface, midpoint between the transverse glenoid diameter and medial edge of the scapula. We also measured the bicipital groove distance from the humeral central axis and scapulothoracic angle. Retroversion of proximal humerus was highly variable, ranging from 13 to 58 degrees(mean 28.73 degrees) in this study. These values correlated with sex, not age, height or hand dominance. The central axis revealed average of 10 mm (5-15 mm) posterior to the posterior margin of the bicipital groove. Scapulothoracic angle was average 43 degrees (25-53 degrees). Anatomical reconstruction of retroversion angle should be individualized and bicipital groove could be useful as a landmark for the lateral fin of the prothesis to be positioned average of 10 mm posteriorly. Rolling the patient 40 degrees posteriorly frequently applied in semilateral position of the shoulder arthroplasty.

Effect of Additional Panretinal Photocoagulation to Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab on Macular Edema in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

지동현 가톨릭대학교 대학원 2013 국내박사

금강자연휴양림 지역 소나무, 굴참나무, 상수리나무의 현존생물량

池東鉉 忠南大學校 2005 국내석사

This study was to present basic information for implementing comprehensive development plan of recreational forest and increasing the productivity in production of forest goods. Followings are the summary of the analysis of biomass in Geum-Gang Recreational Forest. 1. Communities by characteristic in species composition of Geum-Gang Recreational Forest were classified into Pinus densiflora community, Quercus variabilis community, Quercus acutissima community. 2. According to the analysis of soil characteristics as per major three kinds of stands(Pinus densiflora stand, Quercus variabilis stand, Quercus acutissima stand), soil pH, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity were ranged from 4.32 to 4.53, 2.17 to 2.72%, and 5.64 to 7.04me/100g, respectively. Thus, comparing with general soil condition of forest in Korea, Geum-Gang Recreational Forest had low soil nutrition and acidic soil condition. 3. Mean age of Pinus densiflora stand were 33.5 years, 9.1m in height, and 1,001 numbers of trees per hectare. Mean age of Quercus variabilis stand were 31.4 years, 12.5m in height, and 924 numbers of trees per hectare. And, mean age of Quercus acutissima stand were 32.9 years, 13.9m in height, and 803 numbers of trees per hectare. There was no differences in the stand characteristics among the study stands. 4. Total aboveground biomass was 138.06ton/ha, the highest biomass production among the stands in Geum-Gang Recreational Forest, in Quercus acutissima stand, 111.07ton/ha in Quercus variabilis stand, and 50.86ton/ha in Pinus densiflora stand. 5. Aboveground total net primary production was estimated at 8.96ton/ha/year in Quercus variabilis stand, 6.28ton/ha/year in Quercus acutissima stand, and 4.09ton/ha/year in Pinus densiflora stand. 6. The Pinus densiflora stand, Quercus variabilis stand and Quercus acutissima stand were similar in the mean age and soil characteristics. However, considering high density in middle and less class diameter in Pinus densiflora stand, the growth rate of Quercus acutissima and Quercus variabilis stands was higher than in Pinus densiflora. stands. As diameter increase, dry weight increased in order of Quercus acutissima stand, Quercus variabilis stand, and Pinus densiflora stand. As well, tree component ratio of stem wood and stem bark was decrease at high DBH class, but tree component ratio of live branches was increase, and the presents biomass accumulation ratio, the index of adaptibility to environment., was 12.40% in Quercus variabilis stand and 21.98% in Quercus acutissima stand.

역구조 유기태양전지를 위한 CuPc/C60/K 도핑된 MoO3의 계면전자구조 연구

지동현 연세대학교 일반대학원 2017 국내석사

The interfacial electronic structure of a bilayer of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and fullerene (C60) grown on potassium-doped MoO3 substrates has been evaluated by X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. The work function was measured as a function of potassium-doping rate and the energy difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of the CuPc layer and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the C60 layer (ED HOMO - EA LUMO) was determined and compared to that grown on undoped MoO3 substrate. This result is discussed in terms of the differences of the work function and resistivity of each substrate. We also obtained complete energy level diagrams of them. 칼륨으로 도핑된 MoO3 기판 위에서 성장된 구리 프탈로시아닌(CuPc) 및 풀러린(C60)의 이중층의 계면 전자 구조가 X선 및 자외선 광전자 방출 분광법에 의해 평가되었다. 일함수는 칼륨 도핑 속도의 함수로서 측정되었고, CuPc 층의 최고 점유 분자 궤도(HOMO) 수준과 C60 층의 최저 비 점유 분자 궤도(LUMO) 수준 사이의 에너지 차이(ED HOMO - EA LUMO)를 결정해서, 도핑되지 않은 MoO3 기판 위에서 성장 시킨 것과 비교하였다. 그 결과는 각 기판의 일함수와 저항의 차이에 의해 논의된다. 우리는 또한 이들에 대한 완전한 에너지 레벨 다이어그램도 얻을 수 있었다.

물질주의적 가치관과 점내 상품기획이 충동구매에 미치는 영향 : 슈퍼-슈퍼마켓을 중심으로

지동진 경남대학교 경영대학원 2006 국내석사

이 연구는 소비자들의 물질주의적 가치관과 점내 상품기획이 충동구매에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 노력으로 SSM(슈퍼-슈퍼마켓)을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 이 연구에서는 물질주의적 가치관을 획득중심적 물질주의, 성공수단적 물질주의, 행복추구적 물질주의로 세부 분류하였으며, 점내 상품기획은 점내촉진, 판매원, 분위기로 분류하여 충동구매와의 관계에 대해 살펴보았다. 여섯 가지 가설을 세우고 설문조사를 통해 분석하였으며, 가설의 검증을 위해 다중 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 이 연구에서는 분석결과 물질주의적 가치관중 획득중심적 물질주의와 성공수단적 물질주의가 충동구매에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 점내 상품기획에서는 판매원이 충동구매에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 충동구매에 미치는 변수에 대해 기존의 연구에서 거의 다루어지지 않았던 SSM을 대상으로 연구했다는 것과 이를 물질주의적 가치관과 점내 상품기획 에 접목시켰다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다. 만약 SSM에서 충동구매에 관심이 있고 능동적으로 이를 관리하기 원한다면 이 연구 결과가 소비자의 긍정적인 태도를 이끌어 내기 위한 유용한 지침이 될 것이다. The consumers always "commit" the unplanned impurse purchases during their shoppings with many reasons. This research is to look for the effect of the Materialism and In-Store Merchandising to those impurse purchases, focusing some cases of Super-Super Market. To have more concrete research in this paper, the Materialism has been sub-divided into the Acquisition Centrality, the Possession-defined Success, and the Acquisition as the pursuit of happiness, and the In-Store Merchandising has been sub-divided into the Promotion in the store, the Salesperson, and the Atmosphere, to know the relations with the impurse purchases. Six hypothesis has been set and analized through the questionaires, the Multiple Regression Analysis has been used to verify the hypothesis. As a result of this paper, it's been shown that the Acquisition Centrality and the Acquisition as the pursuit of happiness is affecting the impurse purchases among the three Materialisms, and that the Salesperson is affecting the impurse purchases among the In-Store Merchandising. This research can be meaningful because it's looking for the reasons of the impurse purchases from the view of the SSM, which has not been dealed in the previous studies, and because it's trying to relate it to the Materialism and In-Store Merchandising. If a SSM is intereted in the impurse purchases and it wants to manage them effectively, the result of this research can be a useful indicator to have the positive attitudes of the consumers.

梳毛織物의 透濕抵抗 評價에 관한 硏究

지동선 檀國大學校 大學院 1989 국내박사

투습성은 의복의 쾌적성 평가에 있어서 매우 중요한 인자중의 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 의복원단의 투습성을 평가하기 위하여 Fourt와 Whelen의 투습이론을 근거로 하여 직물의 투습성에 영향을 주는 요인들을 분석하고, 투습도 측정장치를 설계제작해서 소모직물을 시료로 하여 Fick의 법칙에 따르는 투습량을 측정하고 투습저항을 계산하여 직물의 두께, 클로드 커버, 고유투습저항, 기공직경 (pore diameter)및 평면기공률 등의 직물모수가 투습저항이 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 규명했다. 그 결과 소모직물의 투습저항을 종속변수로 하고 직물모수를 독립 변수로 하는 회전식을 구할 수 있었고, 직물에서 수증기 전달의 주된 통로가 될 것으로 믿어지는 기공을 가상하여 기공직경과 평면기공률을 실의 직경과 직물밀도로 부터 계산할 수 있었으며, 또한 직물모수로부터 Whelan이 정의한 직물의 고유투습저항을 구하여 본 실험에서 측정한 투습저항치와 고유투습저항치 간의 실험식을 구하므로써 직물설계에서 정해진 모수만 가지고도 설계된 직물의 투습저항을 추정평가 할 수 있는 자료를 제시했다. The transfer of water vapor from the skin through clothing is an important factor in human comfort. This factor is a resistance to the diffusion of water vapor through textiles. In this thesis, the present writer made a tester measuring the water vapor permeability in application with Fick's law in order to evaluate the water vapor transfer resistance of woven fabrics based on Whelan's and Fourt's theory. With this tester some experiments were carried out for worsted fabrics made of ring spun yarns under the environmental conditions. The experimental results were analyzed for the various parameters of fabric, and can be summarized as follows: The pose diameter and the open free area can be derived from the diameter f yarn and fabric count. The regression equation which is able to evaluate the water vapor transfer resistance (R_(F)) by Fick's law, was derived from the intrinsic resistance (R_(W)) calculated from the specifications of woven cloth construction by simple regression analysis. The water vapor transfer resistance of fabric is a dependent variable, and three parameters of fabric (i.e. thickness, porosity, and open free area) are simultaneous independent variables. The second order regression model can be fitted from the method of least squares by response surface analysis. The water vapor transfer resistance of woven fabric increases in proportion to its thickness, cloth cover, and intrinsic resistance, on the contrary it decreases in proportion to its open free area and pore diameter. And it is considered to be desirable to weave into plain fabrics by the fined yarns more than N_(m) 2/72 in order to accelerate to the rate of water vapor transmission.