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최근 산업전반에 필수적으로 사용되는 핵심소재인 희소금속(Rare Earth Element : REE)은 지역적 편재(偏在)성 때문에 많은 국가들이 특정 국가들의 공급량에 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 특정 국가들의 공급량 변화에 따라 희소금속의 가격 심하게 요동치는 문제가 발생하는 문제가 발생한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 희소금속 관련 재활용산업의 공급사슬 모델을 설계하고, 상황에 따른 구조를 분류하여, 준비된 시나리오에 따라 수익성을 비교 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 국내 희소금속 재활용 산업의 공급사슬 모델은 폐쇄형 네트워크 형태를 가지며, 크게 생산업체1,2 수거업체, 재활용업체의 주체를 기본으로 구성된다. 구조 별 수익성 분석을 위한 4종의 실험은 3개의 민감도 분석 실험과 한 가지의 시나리오 분석을 진행하였다.
비소세포성 폐암종에서 PTEN과 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor의 발현
본 연구에서는 비소세포성 폐암종의 조직에서 PTEN, EGFR 및 p53의 발현을 관찰하여 이들이 비소세포성 폐암종의 발암기전에 관여하는지를 알아보고 PTEN, EGFR, p53의 상호연관성을 규명하고자 하였다. PTEN 발현과 EGFR 및 p53 발현을 비교하면, EGFR 양성인 예에서 PTEN이 소실된 예는 34.5%였고 EGFR 음성인 예에서 PTEN이 소실된 예는 47.4%였다. p53 양성인 예 중 35.7%에서 PTEN이 소실되었고 p53 음성인 예 중 45.0%에서 PTEN이 소실되었다. PTEN 발현과 EGFR 및 p53 발현의 상관관계에서는 뚜렷한 유의성을 찾지 못하였다. 따라서 폐암에서는 PTEN과 다른 폐암 관련 종양유전자 및 종양억제 유전자의 상호 작용에 대해서 더 많은 연구가 있어야 할 것으로 생각된다.
In this paper, a fault diagnosis method based on MCSA(Motor Current Signature Analysis) for BLDC motor is proposed. This method is programmed by LabVIEW graphical language for winding fault, magnetic rotor fault and bearing fault diagnosis. Experimental BLDC motor(BD80-N024060, 24V, 60W) is consisted of 3 phase(3 poles are pararell for each phase), Y connected stator winding, 12-poles magnetic rotor and ball bearings. For winding fault diagnosis, two types of winding faults(shorted turn at one pole, shorted turn at two pole in same phase) are put intentionally in one phase. The motor current is collected by hole sensor, and transformed by the Park's transform, and then the Park's vector pattern are obtained, Usually this pattern is formed an ellipse, so a proper threshold value of distortion ratio(the ratio of the shortest axis and the longest axis of ellipse) is suggested for winding faults diagnosis. For magnetic rotor fault diagnosis, intentionally one pole is removed among 12-poles. The FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) ofmotor current is obtained and by checking the magnitude of characteristic frequency of rotor fault, rotor fault can be detected. In the same way, by checking the magnitude of characteristic frequency of bearing fault, bearing fault can be detected. Exeperimental results show the validity of the proposed fault diagnosis method. The distortion ratio doesn't vary with the speed change of BLDC motor. So the suggested threshold of distortion ratio could be distinguished the winding condition of motor. Also the suggested threshold of magnitude of characteristic frequency of rotor fault and of characteristic frequency of bearing cage fault could be distinguished the rotor fault and bearing cage fault.
Objectives: Several experimental systems are available to study human hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, whereas efficient in vitro model for HBV replication and infection is limited. The aim of this study was to achieve highly efficient HBV production system using replication competent (RC)-HBV gene delivery into HepG2 by baculovirus vector and stably producing HBV by cultivation on spherical microbeads. Methods: RC-HBV gene was transduced into HepG2 by baculovirus vector. RC-HBV gene transduced HepG2 was cultured under monolayer condition (2D) and determined optimal condition for HBV gene expression by adjusting culture and infection conditions. For high-density cell culture, HepG2 was seeded and cultured on microbeads HBV under dynamic culture condition. The efficiency of HBV gene expression and replication was determined by DNA hybridization, enzyme immunoabsorbent assay, and immunofluorescent staining. The infectivity of HBV virions assembled from RC-HBV gene transduced HepG2 was validated using primary human hepatocytes. Finally, HBV DNA replication in human hepatocytes was determined DNA replication by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Results: RC-HBV gene transduced HepG2 cells expressed HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBcAg and disclosed gene replication. Replication and expression of HBV gene were significantly influenced by multiplicity of infection, polyethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and animal sera. High-density culture on microbeads resulted in significantly increased gene expression and replication. Recombinant HBV virion was infectious to hepatocytes and gene replication of HBV was evident in hepatocytes. The DNA sequence of HBV isolated from infected hepatocytes was exactly identical to that of RC-HBV gene. Conclusions: Due to its availability and consistency as an infection source, RC-HBV gene delivery into HepG2 cells using baculovirus is promising system for production of infectious HBV virions. In addition, high-density cultivation of HepG2 on microbeads revealed higher efficiency in terms of production of infectious HBV particles and HBV-related antigens compared with conventional 2D cell culture