自家骨移植에 依한 齒槽骨下 盲囊處置의 實驗的 硏究

오성용 서울大學校 大學院 1969 국내박사

비정질 실리콘 박막의 고온 고상 결정화

오성재 (吳晟在) 弘益大學校 大學院 2006 국내석사

최근 능동 영역 액정 표시소자(Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays : AMLCD)와 능동 유기 전계 발광 소자(Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode, AMOLED)에 적용되는 다결정 Si 박막 트랜지스터(Poly-Si Thin Film Transistors)에 대해 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 현재 상용화되는 대부분의 TFT는 비정질 Si 박막 트랜지스터를 이용하고 있다. 비정질 Si 은 제작이 용이하고 고온 공정에 필요치 않기 때문에 값싼 유리 기판을 사용할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 그러나, 비정질 Si은 낮은 전자 이동도(≤0.5cm2/Vs) 및 구동회로와 스위칭 소자를 각각 구현해야 하는 단점을 가지고 있으며 고집적화, 대면적화 하는 추세에 적용이 어려운 문제점을 안고 있다. 그러므로 비정질 Si 박막 트랜지스터에 비해 전계 효과 이동도가 우수하고 구동회로와의 집적이 가능한 장점을 지닌 다결정 Si 박막 트랜지스터가 필요하게 된다. 또한, 다결정 박막 트랜지스터의 제작 시 기판으로서 유리의 적용을 위해 저온 공정(<450oC)을 필요로 한다. 지금까지 다양한 저온 poly-Si TFTs의 제조 공정이 연구되고 있으나 엑시머 레이저 결정화(Excimer Laser Crystallization : ELC) 방법이 가장 효과적인 공정으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 레이저 빔 자체의 조사량이 불균일하다는 레이저 시스템 상의 문제점과, 조대한 결정립을 얻기 위한 레이저 에너지 밀도의 공정 영역이 극히 제한되어 있다는 레이저 공정상의 문제점, 그리고 대 면적에 shot자국이 남는다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Non-laser 방식의 고상 결정화방법을 통하여 결정화 시 핵 생성(nucleation) 및 성장(growth)에 관한 kinetics 및 결정 격자결함의 회복 및 제거에 관하여 중점을 두었다. 먼저 Si wafer 위에 PECVD로 형성된 비정질 Si 박막을 600~1000oC의 결정화 온도에서 고온 고상 결정화를 실시하였으며, 핵 생성과 성장에 관한 기본적인 kinetics 및 결정 격자결함의 변화를 온도와 시간에 따라서 확인할 수가 있었다. 결정화 온도와 시간이 증가함에 따라 결정 격자결함은 급격히 제거되었으며, 핵 생성과 성장의 시간이 감소하였다. 또한 동일 결정화 시간에서 온도가 증가함에 따라 핵 생성 구간, 결정화가 완료되는 구간, 결정 격자결함이 제거되는 구간으로 구분이 되었으며 핵 생성 및 성장의 에너지보다는 결정 격자결함의 제거를 위한 에너지가 더 많이 요구되는 것을 알 수가 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 현재 Mo, steel 등의 기판을 사용하여 결정화 온도에 영향을 받지 않는 Flexible Display의 개발과 더불어 AMOLED의 대면적화와 균일도를 가지는 고품위 다결정 Si TFTs의 제조에 기여를 할 것으로 판단되고, 고상 결정화에 대한 전반적인 kinetics를 확인할 수가 있었다. For application to active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs) and active matrix organic lighting emitting diode (AMOLED), a low temperature process for the production of poly-Si is required to permit the use of glass substrates. Polysilicon films best suited for TFTs are made by crystallization of a-Si:H precursor films. Crystallization techniques include furnace annealing, rapid thermal annealing by lamp heating, and laser crystallization. Furnace annealing produces highly uniform polysilicon films over large areas, and is a proven batch process. Because the strain points of affordable substrate glasses lie about 600oC, crystallization and further processing are restricted to temperatures at or below~600oC, which requires crystallization and ion-implant annealing times as long as 20hrs. Catalyzed crystallization can reduce this time to~5hrs, which still is long when compared to the process step throughput of one plate per minute desired of the single-substrate cluster tools employed in the manufacture of active-matrix liquid-crystal displays. To find a fast and furnace-based crystallization process for large areas of low-cost substrates to enable the integration of driver circuits for active matrices has been the primary goal of our research. In this thesis work crystallization kinetics including nucleation and growth and the microstrucutres obtained at higher temperatures were investigated. SPC experiments were conducted using a tube furnace at temperatures ranging from 600oC to 1,000oC. The samples used consist of layered structures of 50nm-thick a-Si/500nm-thick SiO2/Si wafer. Crystallization kinetics becomes dramatically rapid as the crystallization temperatures increases to higher temperatures. According to TEM observation the grain size decreases as the annealing temperature increase up to 800oc. It is, however, not so sensitive to the annealing temperature beyond 800oC. Since crystallization kinetics becomes very rapid and since the heating rate of a conventional furnace is slow phase transition to polycrystalline silicon may occur in the course of heating-up, and thus the desired microstructure formed at high temperatures cannot be reflected.

4,4',4''-Tris[1-naphthyl(phenyl)amino]-triphenylamine 증착박막의 분자배향 및 유기발광소자의 성능향상

오성 부산대학교 2007 국내석사

This study is for the flatness and the improvement of the molecular ordering on the 1-TNATA thin film under the electromagnetic field and the annealing effects. AFM analysis is observed the surface morphology and Raman spectra showed the molecular ordering. We intended to make higher performance OLED using the treated 1-TNATA thin film.1-TNATA was deposited onto ITO glass substrates via a vacuum process. As it is recognized that highly oriented organic/metal-organic films are of great importance for device purposes, it is essential to have high quality films for device purposes. AFM and Raman spectra analysis were used to characterize the topology and structure-oriented molecular ordering. 1-TNTA films. A source meter was used to observe the current-voltage characteristics of the ITO/1-TNATA/Al device. While 1-TNATA thin films deposited under electromagnetic field were not structurally oriented according to the Raman spectra results, 1-TNATA thin films after post-deposition annealing at 110℃ were oriented. According to the AFM images, 1-TNATA thin films after post-deposition annealing at 110℃ had a smoother surface than those deposited without electromagnetic field. Current-voltage performance of 1-TNATA thin films was improved due to the enhanced electron mobility in the well-aligned 1-TNATA films. Especially surface roughness is very important to enhance the stability and efficieny of OLED. As a result, we observed the better I-V curves caused by the better molecular orientation and flatness in electromagnetic field treated 1-TNATA. Furthermore, we found the influences of the luminescent efficiency, the turn-on voltage and brightness in OLED subjected to the 1-TNATA thin films which were fabricated using various temperatures (90,110,130℃) and magnetic filed (~6mT). No change with the range of the emitting area is observed.

동영상에서 교통 신호등 검출 및 신호인식 기법

오성 한밭대학교 정보통신전문대학원 2016 국내석사

Unmanned vehicles are actively researched and developed in Korea and other countries at present. Location recognition is one of the key technologies in this field, and the location recognition system helps distinguish the location and signals of traffic lights by recognizing the surrounding situations. However, there are more researches conducted to provide various services for drivers to drive more safely by supplementing the existing systems like 2-D navigation. This study proposes a new method that enables real-time image processing more effectively by detecting the location of traffic lights from videos and implementing a signal recognition technique. Since the existing traffic light recognition programs have limits to measuring the depth in front of vehicles and recognizing signal lights for the implementation of unmanned vehicles and have difficulty analyzing signals since they are too sensitive to changes in brightness, this study tried to implement a new program that can calculate the traffic light-vehicle distance and figure out the color of traffic lights by acquiring information about the depth in front of vehicles and detecting and analyzing signal lights. Implemented through simulations, this new method was found to recognize images more effectively by detecting more candidate frames than the existing methods. 국내외적으로 무인자동차에 대한 연구와 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그중의 가장 핵심기술인 위치인식시스템은 주변 상황을 인식하여 교통신호등의 위치 및 신호를 판별하는 데 도움을 주기 때문에 기존의 2D 기반 내비게이션과 같은 시스템의 단점을 보완하여 더 안전한 주행을 할 수 있도록 다양한 서비스를 제공하기 위해 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 동영상에서 교통신호등의 검출 및 신호인식 기법을 구현하여 더욱 효과적으로 실시간 영상처리가 가능하도록 그 방법을 제안한다. 차량 전방의 깊이정보를 측정하는 방법의 한계와 무인자동차 구현을 위한 신호등 인식기능의 한계, 그리고 기존 신호등 인식프로그램은 밝기변화에 민감하여 신호분석에 어려움이 있다는 점을 고려하여 차량 전방의 깊이정보를 파악하고, 신호등을 검출하여 분석 후 전방에 검출된 신호등의 색 성분과 신호등-차량 간의 거리를 구하는 프로그램을 구현한다. 모의실험을 통하여 제안된 방식은 기존의 방법 대비 더욱 많은 후보 프레임을 검출함으로써 보다 더 효과적인 화면인식이 되었음을 확인하였다.

Molecular characterization of infectious clones of Honeysuckle yellow vein virus (HYVV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and expression of HYVV and TYLCV genes in Escherichia coli and Nicotiana benthamiana

오성 배재대학교 대학원 2012 국내석사

Two newly emerged begomoviruses were isolated from naturally infected tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants grown in greenhouses at Jeju Island and Dangjin in Korea and their genomes were characterized. These viruses-infected plants had very small leaves that curled upward, yellow margins and a leathery appearance, and a bushy and stunted appearance with short internodes. Nucleotide (nt) sequence analysis of their genomes showed that they have a DNA-A component of monopartite begomovirus. Their genomes comprised 2763 and 2764 nucleotides with six open reading frames. The results of nt sequence similarity analysis of DNA-A genome between the two Korean isolates and isolates of Tobacco leaf curl Japan virus (TbLCJV), Honeysuckle yellow vein virus (HYVV), Honeysuckle yellow vein mosaic virus (HYVMV), and Eupatorium yellow vein virus in Japan (EpYVV) showed that they are likely similar to HYVV-[Masuda] (89.4-92.8% nt identity). Consequently, we tentatively propose the two isolates’ names as HYVV-Jeju and -DJ according to the ICTV geminivirus rules. Phylogenetic relationship analysis of 33 DNA-A genome sequences using PAUP* 4.0b10 and MrBayes revealed that HYVV-Jeju and -DJ belong to the Far East Asian begomovirus species complex. Within the Far East Asian begomovirus species complex, HYVV-Jeju and -DJ are distantly related to EpYVV, HYVMV, and TbLCJV groups. Based on the presence of a recombination fragment spanning the C3 ORF, a recombinant origin was suggested for both HYVV-Jeju and –DJ, with parents close to Japanese isolates HYVMV-[SP1:00] and Eupatorium yellow vein virus (EpYVV)-[Suya]. In addition, the presence of a further recombination fragment spanning the IR suggested the parents of HYVV-DJ were close to HYVV-Jeju and EpYVV-[Suya]. Honeysuckle yellow vein virus (HYVV)-[DJ] (HQ189431) isolated from tomato plants, has a DNA-A component of monopartite begomovirus without β satellite molecules. Unit-lengths of DNA-A amplified by PCR, which were synthesized 1-mer (monomer), 1.3-mer and 2-mer (dimer) genomes using restriction enzyme digestion and ligation. The resulting constructs, respectively, ligated into binary vector pRI101-AN. Additionally, the construct containing 2mer cloned into binary vector pCAMBIA1304. To investigate the infectivity of clones, each construct transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells, which was agroinoculated into young leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum Xanthi and Solanum lycopersicum. Symptoms appeared as mild or severe leaf curling with plant stunting in these plants except N. tabacum Xanthi. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) verified a systemic infection of these plants by the agro-infectious clone. Infected leaf tissues of N. benthamiana were cultured as a callus in solid media and used for in vitro HYVV propagation. Two passages of callus culture resulted in maintenance of virus population and proved systemic infection of HYVV. Mutation easily occurs in begomovirus genome. Because of quasispecies-like nature of the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) populations, it is doubtful that variable populations of TYLCV can be generated in a short period of time for the adaptation in response to changing host plant. To investigate this question, infectious clones of (TYLCV)-[Bus] (GQ141873) isolated from tomato plants were generated to inoculate via Agrobacterium into Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The unit-length of TYLCV-[Bus] genome DNA was amplified by PCR, which was cloned into pRI101-AN or pCAMBIA1304 vector. This cloning resulted in the recombinant vector named pRI-TYLCV-1mer, -1.3mer and -2mer and pCAM-TYLCV-2mer. Each clone was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells, which were infiltrated into young leaves of N. benthamiana. In the case of pRI-TYLCV-1mer, -1.3mer and -2mer, all clones did not produce distinctive foliar symptoms on the inoculated plants, except mild plant stunting, in four weeks post-inoculation. In the case of pCAM-TYLCV-2mer, the clone produced mild foliar symptom and mild plant stunting in four week post-inoculation. Regardless of the symptom severity, all inoculated plants were verified to confirm the presence of TYLCV by PCR. TYLCV-V1 gene was amplified from the agro-infected plants by PCR and sequenced its nucleotides. However, there was no difference in nucleotide sequences compared with wild type TYLCV-[Bus]-V1 gene. It suggests that the assumption is not correct under the experimental condition in this study. Recently, two begomoviruses, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Honeysuckle yellow vein virus (HYVV), have occurred in tomato fields in Korea. To determine the antigenic characteristics of begomovirus C4 protein which is known to play diverse functions in virus-host interaction, the entire C4 protein genes of HYVV and TYLCV were amplified by PCR and engineered to be expressed by a bacterial expression vector pET-28a. SDS-PAGE gel revealed that HYVV-C4 and TYLCV-C4 proteins were expressed, respectively, as about 16.4 kDa and 15.9 kDa bands in Escherichia coli, and found mainly in the pellet of the bacterial lysates. The recombinant protein C4 (rC4) fused with His-tag was purified from E. coli using Ni-NTA resin under denaturing conditions. Polyclonal rat antiserum was produced against each purified rC4 protein to use as an immunogen. HYVV-rC4 antiserum reacted well not only with HYVV-rC4 antigen in Western blot but also with TYLCV-rC4 antigen, and vice versa. Each antiserum was further purified to isolate respective immunoglobulin G (IgG). Each IgG had a better resolution than the crude antiserum when tested with rC4. 본 연구는 2008년도에 국내에서 처음 발견된 후, 전국적으로 대유행하며 시설하우스 토마토 농가에 막대한 피해를 입히는 Geminiviridae의 Begomovirus에 대한 저항성 품종 선별과 정확하고 민감성의 진단시스템 구축을 위한 3개의 연구주제를 수행하였다. 첫 번째는, 당진에서 분리된 Honeysuckle yellow vein virus (HYVV-DJ)의 분자생물학적 특성을 규명하였다. Begomovirus의 유사 증세를 보이는 토마토를 당진의 농가에서 채집하였고, V1(Coat protein) gene을 중합효소연쇄반응을 통하여 증폭하였다. 염기서열을 통해 begomovirus에 속한 HYVV인 것을 밝혀냈다. 중합효소연쇄반응을 통해 전체 유전자를 증폭한 후, 저장 vector인 pGEM T-easy vector에 클로닝하였다. HYVV의 6개의 ORF와 1개의 IR의 염기서열을 모두 파악한 후, 기존에 밝혀져 있던 유사한 Begomovirus들과 염기서열 비교를 하였다. PAUP4.0b10 과 MrBayes 방법을 통한 계통수 결과로 이 바이러스는 Far East Asian begomovirus 종에 속함을 밝혀냈다. 또한 HYVV-DJ는 제주도에서 채집된 HYVV-Jeju와 91.9%의 가장 높은 상동성을 보였고, 일본에서 분리된 HYVV-[Masuda]와 89.4%의 높은 상동성을 보였다. RDP3.44 프로그램을 통해 재조합 상태를 비교하였다. 그 결과, Major parent는 HYVV-Jeju, Minor parent는 EPYVV-[Suya]로 밝혀졌으며, HYVV-Jeju와 Minor parent가 같음을 알게 되었다. 이로 보아 HYVV-DJ는 HYVV-Jeju의 Major parent인 HYVMV-[SP1:00]와 Minor parent인 EPYVV-[Suya], 그리고 HYVV-Jeju로 부터 재조합된 바이러스임을 밝혀냈다. 이는HYVV가 빠른 재조합을 보이며 퍼져 나가고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 두 번째는, Begomovirus에 대한 저항성 토마토 품종 선별을 위한 HYVV-DJ, TYLCV-Bus의 전장을 식물발현 vector인 pRI101-AN-vector와 pCAMBIA1304 vector에 클로닝하여 감염성 클론을 만들었다. 바이러스들을 효과적으로 발현시키기 위해 pRI101-AN-vector에 1mer, 1.3mer, dimer를 클로닝하였고, pCAMBIA1304 vector에 dimer를 클로닝하였다. Agro-infiltration 통하여 N. benthamiana, N. tabacum Xanthi그리고 Solanum lycopersicum에 접종하였다. 접종 5주 후, N. benthamiana는 pRI-HYVV-1.3mer , dimer의 경우에는 매우 뚜렷한 오그라드는 증상과 생장의 차이를 보였지만, pRI-HYVV-1mer는 정상 N. benthamiana와 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 pRI-TYLCV-1mer, 1.3mer, dimer 모두 별다른 증상을 보이지 않았다. 접종 2주 후, pCAM-HYVV-dimer는 pRI-HYVV-dimer보다는 약하지만, 오그라드는 증상과 성장의 차이를 보였고, pCAM-TYLCV-dimer는 잎맥을 따라 약한 황화 증상만을 보였다. 이 식물들에서 중합효소연쇄반응을 통해 모두 V1 gene이 확인됨에 따라 바이러스가 정상적으로 증식함을 확인되었다. Xanthi는 두 바이러스 모두 병징을 관찰할 수 없었으며, Solanum lycopersicum에서 HYVV의 병징을 관찰하였고, 중합효소 연쇄반응을 통해 상엽에 바이러스가 증식했음을 확인되었다. N. benthamiana와는 달리 Xanthi는 HYVV와 TYLCV에 대한 기주가 아님을 밝혀냈다. 추후 infectious clones을 이용한 저항성 토마토품종 screening에 이용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 세 번째는, 진단시스템 구축을 위해 HYVV-DJ와 TYLCV-Bus 의 C4 gene을 중합효소연쇄반응을 통하여 증폭하고 이 유전자를 대장균 발현 vector인 pET28a vector에 클로닝하였다. IPTG induction를 통해 HYVV-C4(16.39kDa), TYLCV-C4(15.95kDa) 의 단백질들이 침전물에서 형성되는 insoluble 조건에서 발현됨을 SDS-PAGE로 확인하였다. 이 단백질들을 변성조건에서 Ni-NTA resin을 이용하여 정제하였다. 정제된 단백질을 항원으로 쥐에 주입하여 다클론 항체를 생성한 하였고, 대장균에서 발현된 단백질을 이용하여 Western blot 분석을 통해 정상적으로 다클론 항체가 생성되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 HYVV와 TYLCV의 C4 다클론 항체는 서로 교차 결합하였다. 추후 각 항체를 IgG 정제를 한 결과, 더 감응성이 뛰어난 항체를 얻게 되었다.  

初等學生의 放課後 敎育活動과 課外 實態의 比較 硏究

오성균 홍익대학교 1999 국내석사

메타포(은유)를 통해 본육군 부사관 조직의 특성 연구

오성원 청주대학교 대학원 2022 국내박사

The Army faces challenges and opportunities to cope with future battlefield environment in a changing national defense circumstance. The decrease in military service resources and the reduction of military service period due to the demographic cliff are approaching as the biggest challenge to national defense. On this account, the Ministry of National Defense is carrying out 『National Defense Reform 2.0』, and the role of non-commissioned officers (NCO) is at the core of this renovation of military manpower structure. In this vein, the objective of this study was to empirically examine metaphors presented in NCO-related records and speeches, thus finding out Army NCO's characteristics and presenting plans to strengthen the status and role of Army NCO organizations for the development of the military in the future. For this, study questions were established as follows: 1. 'What periodical metaphors appear in non-commissioned officer organization-related records?' 2. 'What are the metaphor characteristics of non-commissioned officer organizations by periods?' 3. 'What characteristics are required for future non-commissioned officer organizations? As analytic tools, this study used 6 metaphors presented by Morgan (2006), 1 metaphor suggested by Goffman (1959, 1961) and Lakoff & Johnson (1980), and resource metaphors proposed by Choe Yeong (2011). These study tools were analyzed using a qualitative analysis program of N-Vivo R1. The scope of study was divided into 5 stages from the beginning period of Army non-commissioned officers to its development period, and this study mainly examined NCO organization's systems and reformations, together with the formation and change of main systems. For this, this study selected such literary materials as 『The Korea Defense Daily』, 『Non-Commissioned Officer (Petty Officer)』, 『Non-Commissioned Officers Who Left Forgotten War Hero Myth』, 『Patriotic Warrior's Battlefield Memoirs in Korean War, vol. 1~4』, 『Army Vision 2030』, 『Non-Commissioned Officer Comprehensive Development Plan』 and 『Non-Commissioned Officer Strategy 2030』. Study findings are as follows: First, in the beginning period, NCO organizations were vulnerable and there wasn't much use of metaphors. In this period, metaphors of machinery, culture, roles and political systems were used. Second, in the period of foundation, most frequently used organizational metaphor was machinery, and it was followed by such metaphors as culture, roles, human resources, structures, competence development, change/growth, organism and political systems, in order. In the 'family metaphor' of role metaphor, various sub-metaphors were presented. In organism metaphor, 'declination' metaphor was particularly used. In addition, the relative weight of resource metaphor was great. Third, in the period of integration and growth, most frequently used organizational metaphor was machinery, and it was followed by such metaphors as culture, roles, change/growth, political systems, competence development, organism, structure and human resources, in order. In this period, numerous sub-metaphors were newly used. For example: 'military base management' was used as the sub-metaphor of machinery; 'loyalty/filial piety/manners' were used as the sub-metaphors of culture; 'owner' and 'successor' were used as the sub-metaphors of roles; and 'trust in the military' and 'cooperation' were used as the sub-metaphors of political systems. Fourth, in the period of jumping, most frequently used organizational metaphor was change/growth, and it was followed by such metaphors as roles, machinery, organism, culture, competence development, structures, political systems and human resources, in order. Therefore, most frequently used metaphor was the metaphor of change/growth. As the metaphor of change/growth increased, so did the metaphor of organism in the period of integration and growth. Fifth, in the period of development, most frequently used organizational metaphor was organism, and it was followed by such metaphors as roles, machinery, culture, competence development, change/growth, structures, political systems and human resources, in order. In this period, the metaphor of change/growth decreased, and conversely, the metaphor of organism increased. Sixth, as necessary characteristics of Army NCO organizations in the future, role metaphor, machinery metaphor and change/growth metaphor were most frequently presented, and in relation to the 4th industrial revolution, competence development metaphor and culture metaphor stood out. This study seems to be significant in that it empirically examined, via organizational metaphors, the periodical change of characteristics of Army NCO organizations for the first time in the absence of research on the organizational characteristics of NCO in Korea. However, this study lacked data from the early stage of non-commissioned officer organizations, and the author's subjective interpretation seemingly intervened in the analysis of the collected organizational metaphors with regard to taking into account the flow of the background and context of the times. Therefore, it is necessary for follow-up studies to take various research methods, such as FGI (focus group interview), questionnaire survey, observation and so on, into account. The author hopes follow-up studies will expand study scopes to Navy, Air Force and the Marine Corps from the aspect of strengthening collaboration, thus characteristically examining the identity of NCO organizations in the future. 육군은 변화하는 국방환경 속에서 미래 전장환경에 대응하기 위한 도전과 기회에 직면해 있다. 인구절벽에 따른 병역자원의 감소와 병 복무기간 단축은 가장 큰 도전요인으로 다가오고 있다. 이에 국방부는 『국방개혁 2.0』을 추진하고 있으며, 군 인력구조의 정예화 핵심으로 부사관의 역할이 증대되고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구의 목적은 부사관의 관련 기록물 및 언어사례에서 나타난 메타포(은유)를 실증분석하여 육군 부사관의 특성을 도출하고, 미래의 군 발전을 위하여 육군 부사관 조직의 위상과 역할 강화에 대한 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위한 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부사관 조직 관련 기록물에 나타난 시대별 메타포는 무엇인가? 둘째, 부사관 조직의 시대별로 나타난 메타포 특성은 무엇인가? 셋째, 미래 부사관 조직에 필요한 특성은 무엇인가? 이다. 분석도구는 Morgan(2006)이 제시한 6개의 메타포와 Goffman(1959, 1961), Lakoff와 Johnson(1980)이 제시한 1개, 최영(2011)의 연구에서 제시한 자원 메타포를 적용하였다. 이를 질적분석 프로그램인 N-Vivo R1을 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구의 범위는 육군 부사관의 태동기부터 발전기까지 5단계로 구분하여 부사관 조직의 체제 및 구조개편과 주요제도의 생성 및 변천 과정 등이다. 이를 위한 문헌연구의 대상은 『국방일보』, 『하사관(부사관)』, 『잊혀진 전쟁영웅 신화를 남긴 부사관들』, 『호국용사 6·25참전 전투수기 제1~4집』, 『육군비전 2030』, 『부사관 종합발전 계획』, 『부사관 전략 2030』 등을 선정하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 태동기에는 부사관 조직이 미약하여 메타포의 사용이 많지 않았으며, 기계, 문화, 배역, 정치체제 메타포가 나타났다. 둘째, 창설기에는 기계, 문화, 배역, 인적자원, 구조물, 역량개발, 변화·성장, 유기체, 정치체계 순으로 조직 메타포의 사용빈도가 분석되었다. 배역 메타포의 ‘가족’ 메타포에서는 여러 가지 형태의 하위 메타포들이 나타났다. 특히, 유기체 메타포에서는 ‘쇠퇴’ 메타포가 나타났다. 또한, 자원 메타포가 높은 비중을 차지했다. 셋째, 통합성장기의 조직 메타포는 기계, 문화, 배역, 변화·성장, 정치체제, 역량개발, 유기체, 구조물, 인적자원 순으로 사용빈도가 분석되었다. 이 시기에 각 메타포의 하위 범주의 메타포가 새롭게 많이 등장했다. 기계 메타포에서는‘부대관리’, 문화 메타포에서는‘충·효·예’, 배역 메타포에서는 ‘주인’, ‘계승자’, 정치체제 메타포에서는‘대군신뢰’, ‘협력’의 메타포가 등장하였다. 넷째, 도약기의 조직 메타포는 변화·성장, 배역, 기계, 유기체, 문화, 역량개발, 구조물, 정치체제, 인적자원 순으로 분석되었다. 가장 많은 빈도를 나타낸 것은 변화·성장 메타포이다. 변화·성장 메타포의 증가에 따라 통합성장기에 유기체 메타포가 증가하였다. 다섯째, 발전기의 조직 메타포는 유기체, 배역, 기계, 문화, 역량개발, 변화·성장, 구조물, 정치체제, 인적자원 순으로 분석되었다. 이 시기에는 변화·성장 메타포의 빈도가 감소했으며, 반대로 유기체 메타포가 증가했음을 확인할 수 있다. 여섯째, 육군 부사관 조직의 미래에 필요한 조직의 특성은 배역 메타포, 기계, 변화·성장 메타포가 가장 많이 등장하였으며, 제4차 산업혁명으로 인해 역량개발, 문화 메타포가 두각을 나타냈다. 본 연구는 국내의 부사관 조직특성 연구가 미비한 상황에서 조직 메타포를 통하여 최초로 육군 부사관 조직의 시대별 특성변화를 실증적으로 분석하여 규명하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 그러나 부사관 조직이 미약한 시기인 태동기의 자료가 부족했던 점과 수집된 조직 메타포를 해석하면서 시대적 배경과 문맥의 흐름을 고려하였지만, 연구자의 주관적 판단으로 해석한 부분이 없지 않다. 따라서 차후 연구에서는 FGI(Focus Group Interview), 설문, 관찰 등의 여러 가지 연구방법을 혼합 적용할 필요가 있다. 향후 연구 방향으로는 합동성 강화의 측면에서 해·공군, 해병대 등 대상의 범위를 확대하여 미래 부사관 조직의 정체성을 제시하는 특성 연구가 요구된다.

Phylogenetic analysis of begomovirus and associated betasatellite occurred in Korea and characterization of their interactions and pathogenicity : 국내에 발생하는 베고모바이러스와 베타 DNA의 계통적 분석 및 감염성 클론을 이용한 상호작용과 병원성 규명

오성 배재대학교 대학원 2017 국내박사

Previously, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV)-IL[KR:Bus] (accession number GQ141873), -IL[KR:Bos] (accession number GU325634), -IL[KR:Hwas] (accession number GU126513), and Honeysuckle yellow vein virus (HYVV)-[KR:DJ] were isolated, respectively, from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants in Korea. To construct TYLCV infectious clones, full-length of respective TYLCV genomes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into binary vector pRI101-AN, respectively. Using the 1mer clone, 2mer genomes of each isolate were constructed by restriction enzyme digestion and ligation. The resulting constructs were designated pRI-TYLCV-Bus, pRI-TYLCV-Bos and pRI-TYLCV-Hwas. In the case of HYVV, PCR amplified unit-lengths of DNA-A genome of HYVV-[KR:DJ] were cloned into binary vector pRI101-AN. Using the 1mer clone, 1.3mer and 2mer genomes were constructed by restriction enzyme digestion and ligation. The resulting constructs were designated pRI-HYVV-DJ. To prove the infectivity of each clone, respective constructs were transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells and the selected transformants were agro-inoculated into young leaves of clonescontaining dimer construct of respective isolates caused pronounced disease symptoms such as plant stunting, downward leaf curling and crinklingn.InHYVV,1clones caused pronounced disease symptoms in To discriminate the clone’s pathogenicity quantitatively, SYBR Green-based real-time PCR was performed for viral quantification using V1 gene DNA content in agro-inoculated leaves that were collected at weekly intervals for 4 weeks. Regression analysis obtained the standard curves by plotting Ct values over the logarithm of the amount of V1 DNAs present in a dilution series of plasmid containing the full-length HYVV-[DJ] genome. Equation of the HYVV-V1 DNA standard curve was used to quantify V1 gene DNA concentration in agro-inoculated plants with each clone. A real-time PCR assay showed that the accumulation of V1 DNAs in HYVV-[DJ]-1.3mer inoculated plants reached the peak level at 4 weeks post-inoculation. The amount of V1 DNA was significantly more than that in HYVV-[DJ]-2mer inoculated plants. Nevertheless, the accumulation of V1 DNAs reached the peak level at 3 weeks post-inoculation and then decreased slowly from 4 weeks post-inoculation. Considering the real-time PCR results, a significant difference was found in the accumulation virus and its DNA components between the analyzed plants inoculated with each clone, indicating that the difference in clones’ pathogenicity correlates with their virulence. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two sets of primers designed from published Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) genomes was developed to distinguish from the TYLCV-IL groups. The specificity of the two sets of primers was proven by testing against control TYLCV genomes and the symptomatic leaves of 34 different tomato cultivars naturally infected with TYLCV in greenhouses. One set for amplified full-length genome fragments from all the 34 tomato cultivars. Another set for TYLCV-ILgroup-II strain specific primers amplified target DNA fragments from only 9 tomato cultivars. Digestion by BglII and EcoRV of the PCR amplicons produced restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern the TYLCV-IL group-I with two fragments from the TYLCV-IL group-II with no digested fragment. PCR coupled with BglII and EcoRV digestion confirmed that the 9 tomato cultivars were infected with the TYLCV-IL group-II and the remained 25 tomato cultivars were infected with the TYLCV-IL group-I. Since the begomovirus C4 protein is known to associate with symptom severity (SS) and effective systemic infection, it is interesting to measure C4 protein level in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars infected with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). In this study, the full-length of the C4 protein gene of the TYLCV and the Honeysuckle yellow vein virus (HYVV), respectively, were expressed in Escherichia coli. To determine the antigenic characteristics of recombinant C4 (rC4) protein, polyclonal rat antibody was produced against the purified rC4 protein with His tag as an immunogen. In terms of the specificity, TYLCV-rC4 antiserum reacted well not only with TYLCV-rC4 but also with HYVV-rC4 antigens in Western blot, and vice versa. To determine the infection rate qualitatively and quantitatively, PCR and real-time qPCR assays were performed with eight tomato cultivars agro-inoculated with a TYLCV infectious clone and a naturally infected tomato cultivar with TYLCV. The real-time qPCR results revealed that the accumulation level of viral DNA was much higher in plants of susceptible cultivars than in plants of tolerant cultivars. It indicated that there is a negative correlation between the virus DNA accumulation and the presence of Ty resistance genes in the tolerant cultivars. Nevertheless, higher virus DNA accumulation was not necessarily matched with more severe symptoms observed in the susceptible tomato cultivars. To quantify the sensitivity of the TYLCV-rC4 antibody, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed with four selected plants of each cultivar showing TYLCV positive by PCR. ELISA results revealed that the C4 protein accumulation level was much higher in plants of the susceptible cultivars than in plants of the tolerant cultivars. In general, more C4 protein accumulated in susceptible cultivars showing higher SS rating, suggesting that the amount of C4 protein in plants positively related with symptom severity of the cultivar. The complete nucleotide sequences of Honeysuckle yellow vein virus (HYVV-HB) genome DNA and a betasatellite DNA (HYVB-HB) were determined from honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) leaves showing characteristic yellow vein mosaic symptoms in the Hanbat Arboretum, Daejeon, Korea. HYVB-HB had high nucleotide sequence identity with Honeysuckle yellow vein mosaic virus (HYVMV)-associated DNA β found in UK (accession number AJ543430: 98.4%), New Zealand (accession number GQ131809: 98.2), Korea (accession number JQ728545: 98.2) and Japan (accession number AB236427: 97.3). Previously, we identified Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV)-[Bus] and Honeysuckle yellow vein virus (HYVV)-[DJ] from tomato plants, each found not to be associated with a satellite DNA. To prove pathogenicity and interactions between a begomovirus and noncognate DNA β, we demonstrate co-agroinoculation into Nicotiana benthamiana, using a mixture of infectious clones of TYLCV + DNA β-HB and a mixture of HYVV + DNA β-HB. Genetic recombination is an important event during the evolution of begomovirus species. To determine the possibility of recombinant viruses, we investigated patterns of recombination that occur in 5 weeks long experimental infections of Nicotiana benthamiana plants using two infectious clones containing hybrid constructs (T+H hybrid and H+T hybrid) between TYLCV and HYVV genomes. Like original dimer clones of TYLCV and HYVV genomes, the infectious clones containing T+H hybrid and H+T hybrid constructs developed plant stunting and leaf curling with crinkling when agro-inoculated into N. benthamiana in the infectivity assay. PCR amplification and real-time qPCR analysis supported the infectivity of clones containing T+H hybrid and H+T hybrid constructs. The PCR amplified DNA products from plants agro-inoculated with T+H hybrid construct and H+T hybrid construct (Fig. 6D), respectively, cloned into pRI101-AN vector and determined their nt sequences. We found two recombinants named TH virus from the T+H hybrid construct agro-inoculated plants and HT virus from the H+T hybrid construct agro-inocualted plants. The full-length genome (2774 bases) of HT virus showed 74.1% and 97.3% nt identities, while its IR (300 bases) revealed 79.2% and 75.0% nt identities with those of HYVV-[KR:DJ] and and TYLCV-[KR:Bus], respectively. The full-length genome (2764 bases) of TH virus showed 97.0% and 73.9% nt identities, while its IR (296 bases) revealed 75.5% and 78.5% nt identities with those of HYVV-[KR:DJ] and TYLCV-[KR:Bus], respectively. In between TH and HT viruses their nt sequence identities was 71.4% in the full-length genome and 54.9% in the IR, which are same nt identities of the full-length genome and IR between HYVV-[KR:DJ] and TYLCV-[KR:Bus]. Based on nt sequence analysis, we found that recombination events mainly occurred in IR but not in ORF-coding regions, Based on nt sequence analysis, we found that recombination events mainly occurred in IR but not in ORF-coding. Although 54.9-79.2% nt identities were found in the IR, a stem-loop structure containing nonanucleotide region shows highly conserved nt sequences in recombinat viruses. All the results together indicated that the recombinant TH virus is closely related to HYVV and the recombinant HT virus is closely related to TYLCV. Severe tomato yellow leaf curl disease occurred in a TYLCV-tolerant cultivar (Dafnis) containing Ty- 1 and Ty-3 genes. Infected plants were collected from Buyeo city in Chungnam province, Korea. The complete nucleotide (nt) sequences were determined as 2774 bases, indicative of a monopartite begomoviral genome. A comparison of the ful-length genome with known TYLCV isolates reported in Korea, showed that the virus shared the highest nt sequence identity (98.5%) with TYLCV-IL[KR:Bus] considered as TYLCV-IL group-II. Based on the guidelines of the ICTV the virus has been designated TYLCV-IL[KR:Buyeo]. In addition, a betasatellite DNA was amplified by PCR and cloned, and the nt sequences were determined. Analysis of the complete nt sequences of 1347 bases indicated that the betasatellite (HYVB-tomato) shared 99.9% identity with its closest relative honeysuckle yellow vein betasatellite (HYVB-HB; accession number KC788280) which was identified from honeysuckle plants infected with Honeysuckle yellow vein virus (HYVV).

집단 창의성을 활용한 발명교육프로그램이 초등학생의 창의성에 미치는 영향

오성 서울교육대학교 2018 국내석사

본 연구는 집단 창의성을 활용한 스캠퍼 기법을 활용한 발명교육프로그램이 초등학생들의 창의성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 연구대상은 서울특별시 소재의 Y초등학교 6학년 2개 학급의 46명으로 스캠퍼(SCAMPER)기법 중심의 발명교육 프로그램을 실시하되 실험집단은 집단 창의성을 활용하고 통제집단은 개인 창의성만 활용하도록 처치하였다. 프로그램 실시 전에 창의성에 대한 사전검사를 실시하고 8차시 수업 후 사후검사를 실시하였다. 창의성을 측정하기 위한 검사도구는 williums(1993)이 개발하고 조용태(2007)가 우리나라에 표준화한 한국판창의성검사(K-CAP)를 활용하였으며 확산적 사고 검사, 확산적 감정 검사로 나누어 실시하였다. 수집된 자료의 분석 및 처리는 i-STATistics 2.01 프로그램을 사용하여 t-test와 공분산분석을 실시하여 적용한 교육프로그램의 효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 집단 창의성을 활용할 수 있는 발명교육 프로그램을 개발하였다. 둘째, 집단 창의성은 확산적 사고에 긍정적인 영향이 있었다. 실험집단은 유창성, 유연성, 독창성, 정교성에서 점수가 향상되었고 독창성과 정교성에서 사전-사후검사의 차이가 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 통제집단은 유창성, 독창성, 정교성에서 향상된 사후검사 결과를 얻었으나 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다. 사전검사를 공변량으로 하고 조정된 사후검사 점수에 대한 공분산분석 결과 두 집단 사이에서 정교성이 유의미한 차이가 있었으며 유창성, 유연성, 독창성에서 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 셋째, 집단 창의성은 확산적 감정에 긍정적인 영향이 있었다. 실험집단은 호기심, 상상력, 복잡성, 모험성에서 점수가 향상되었고 호기심, 상상력, 복잡성에서 사전-사후검사의 차이가 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 통제집단은 호기심, 상상력, 복잡성에서 향상된 사후검사 결과를 얻었고 이중 호기심과 상상력에서 사전-사후검사의 차이가 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다 사전검사를 공변량으로 하고 조정된 사후검사 점수에 대한 공분산분석 결과 두 집단 사이에서 복잡성이 유의미한 차이가 있었으며 호기심, 상상력, 모험성에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이상 연구의 결과를 종합해 보면 스캠퍼 기법을 활용한 발명교육프로그램은 초등학생들의 창의성 향상에 긍정적 효과가 있다고 판단할 수 있다. 그리고 집단 창의성을 활용하면서 활발한 상호작용을 통하여 사고의 범위와 의미를 더욱 확충하는 아이디어 정교화 과정 및 많은 대안들에서 차이를 검증하고 복잡한 문제를 해결해나가는 과정에 긍정적인 효과가 있다고 판단할 수 있다. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of an invention education program centered around the SCAMPER method utilizing group on creativity of elementary school students. The subjects of the study were 46 students in two classes of 6th grade at Y. Elementary School in Seoul Metropolitan City. This study implemented the invention education program centered around the SCAMPER method, but an experimental group was asked to utilize group creativity only while a control group was asked to utilize individual creativity only. Before implementing the program, a pre-test of creativity was conducted, and a post-test was conducted after Class Hour 8. As for the testing tool to measure creativity, Korean-Creativity Assessment Packet (K-CAP) developed by Williams (1993) and standardized for South Korea by Cho (2007) was employed, and tests were conducted, such as divergent thinking test and divergent emotion test. As for the analysis and processing of the collected data, using i-STATistics 2.01, t-test and analysis of covariance were conducted to verify the effects of the education program applied. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, an invention education program utilizing group on creativity was developed. Second, group on creativity has had a positive effect on divergent thinking. As a result of an analysis of covariance of the adjusted scores in the post-test with the pre-test as covariance, there was a significant difference in elaboration between the two groups. Third, group on creativity has had a positive effect on divergent emotion. As a result of an analysis of covariance of the adjusted scores in the post-test with the pre-test as covariance, there was a significant difference in complexity between the two groups. To sum up the above research results, it is judged that the invention education program utilizing SCAMPER method has a positive effect on the enhancement of elementary students’ creativity. Also, it is judged that it has a positive effect on the process of elaborating ideas, which further expands the scope and meaning of thinking through active interaction, utilizing group creativity and the process of verifying differences in many alternatives and solving complex problems.

都市交通問題 改善方案에 關한 硏究 : 全州市 交通問題를 中心으로

吳星 全州大學校 1992 국내석사

The problem of urban traffic is aggravating in keeping pace with a rapid urbanization. The problems which faces in field of urban traffic include air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic complexity. The purpose of this thesis are to seek the causes of urban traffic problems and to search for the alternative plans and thus eventually to improve the quality of life and healthy environment from the bad condition of traffic problems in Jeon Ju.(the urban traffic problems consist of 99.6 percentage in the whole traffic affairs) Chapter II. A Theoretical Approach of the Traffic Problems The chapter is to build up the theoretical basis of urban traffic problems (a). The concept and characteristics of the urban traffic problems. (b). The background of the urban traffic proglems related to urbanization, the lock of traffic facilities and increase of vehicles. (c). The type of urban traffic problems traffic condition, traffic accidents, traffic safety guards, traffic complexity, air pollution and traffic execution. Chapter III. The Analysis of Traffic Problems in Jeon Ju To make the alternative effectively, the substantial case study and formal statics is employed for the analysis and research of the cause of traffic problems. (a). The analysis of four division by traffic data A traffic condition, A traffic accidents, A traffic safety guard, A traffic administration. (b). The substantial analysis of traffic problems is adopted by the survey technique. Especially this study include concerned public servants as well as driver and citizens and then these respectively divide into analysis. Chapter IV. The Results of Analysis and Direction of the Urban Traffic Problems. Ultimately the problem of the urban traffic is the interactional cooperation between the rational and very long policy by government and the positive endeavour by citizens. Since these reason I assume that the desirable direction of the urban traffic problems is fixed for the present. (a). The improvement of traffic facilities and condition. (b). The endeavour of prescription of traffic accidents through a voluntary and positive participation. (c). The concrete support policy of traffic safety guard. (d). The enhancement of a traffic administration. Chapter V. conclusion First of all, this study emphasis that the alternative to solving problem is needed a financial support, the powerful policy endeavour of improvement and the positive activity of concerned servants.