Jesuit and Seonbi(士) in East Asia and the Production of the First Korean Supplemental Teaching by Yi Byeok : The Idea of God in The Essence of Sage Teaching as an exercise in Self-Cultivation (Sudeok) and Self-Expenditure(Jeonghan)

문단일 The University of Edinburgh 2001 해외박사

The Jesuits, particularly Matteo Ricci (1552-1610), were the first enlightened missionaries who once in China discovered that the association of the God of the Bible with the old Chinese belief in the Lord of Heaven (Sangje) neatly conformed with the supplemental doctrine of the Deity they were reintroducing in the Middle Kingdom. Ricci's idea of God revealed a profound and apodictic interpretation of the Deity. If on the one hand, it built on the old revered Chinese nations of religiousness, on the other hand, it had little to do with a metaphysical, compassionate concept of self-expenditure one could associate with the experience of love-pain, or jeonghan. Since the early 1970s the Korean concept of han -- the conventional meaning of which may be expressed in the English term resentment -- has been the subject of theological discourse amongst Korean theologians who identify it with liberation theologies that have developed in Latin America and elsewhere. Han suggests a wide range of meanings and 'pathologies.' Dominant amongst them in recent Korean Christian discourse is wonhan, which implies the bitterness of one who has been treated wrongly and who harbours resentment and hatred. While recognising that this is the traditional understanding of han, this thesis will fundamentally dwell on another dimension of meaning as conveyed in the term jeonghan which suggests a 'pathetic' -- that is com-passionate, love-pain -- rather than pathological dimension of meaning. The thesis chooses the term 'com-passionate' in recognition of the affinity of meaning between jeonghan and the Greek notion of pathe understood as self-expending affection, or in Cicero's term sensu amandi which holds life suspended in 'pathetic' self-expenditure. This reflects the interpretation given by the Korean seonbi (scholar), Yi Byeok (1754-1786), whose main work provides the central focus of this study. The aim of the thesis is to invoke this more com-passionate and self-expending understanding of han. It will do so by examining the epistemological interaction between the Jesuit encounter with China's religious traditions, with special reference to Matteo Ricci's True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven (1603) and the Jesuit influence on a particular group of seonbi in Joseon (Korea) represented by Yi Ik, An Jeong-bok, Jeong Dasan and Yi Byeok. Against a background analysis of Joseon's encounter with Ricci's Western Learning (Seohak), the thesis includes an original translation of Yi Byeok's main work, Essence of Sage Teaching (Seonggyo yoji), together with the original Chinese version. Exegesis of the main concepts of this work will elucidate Yi Byeok's understanding of the idea of God as self-expenditure (jeonghan), which constitutes the end of self-cultivation (sudeok) through com-passionate affection towards the Other, towards whom the neophyte seonbi lives a heightened apprehension of sincerity and reverence (誠敬). From this textual study the thesis moves in conclusion to a constructive philosophical evaluation of jeonghan drawn from the insights of Yi Byeok. It is argued that jeonghan should be understood as an existential path, insofar as it constitutes a return to Heaven, in which the individual existence reflexively enlightens, and thus transmutes, the dark experience of han, apprehended in a "ruined universe", through an ethico-spiritual process of self-cultivation (sudeok) which it lives as reverence and self-expenditure.

The Palace, the Pond, and the Classroom : Threading a Community of Pedagogical Friendship, and Captivity

문단일 Graduate School of Education, Kangwon National Uni 2011 국내석사

Life makes for discipleship in its manifold residences: from a city temple to a 16th-century palace to a transcendentalist's pond deep in the woods. And then on to the modern classroom. How discipleship naturally presupposes the existence of and the dominion over pedagogical discipline which in turn inhabits the porous walls of friendship? This is a question that prompted this student to turn his attention to two representative 'disciples' of his choice; two people who borrowed insights from two synchronically distinct teachers: Jesus, the Jew, and Confucius. The disciples in case being Matteo Ricci, an Italian Jesuit who left Europe in the 16th century to reach Ming China in 1583, and the well-known American transcendentalist Henry D. Thoreau. Both of them, naturally, are separated by the rolling centuries and a peculiar "horizon of interpretation", but both encountered and tried to reinterpret, in their own way, Confucian thought as a "thread"(一貫). Whilst more interested in the philosophical and applied dimension of friendship in the classroom, the teacher shall not overlook the fact that pertinent ideas and maxims (which will appear threaded in this dissertation) share a common 'metaphysical' matrix that needs to be elucidated, explored and hopefully reinvented through 'subversion'. The matrix, we call it jeong(情). In this light, the teacher will have understood that a personal, amiable role is not only keenly desirable, but also character-building and pedagogically affective in spirit and demeanour vis-a-vis his or her own 'disciples'-a task that starts from one's classroom that forks out to a greater pond and up towards the palace of "dramatic friendship."

<장위엔 영화에 나타난 권력체계연구: 캐릭터 재현방식을 중심으로>

문단 동국대학교 2020 국내석사

프랑스 철학자 미셸 푸코의 관점에 의하면 근대적 권력은 다양한 작전과 장치, 기능과 기술로 장동하는 복잡한 원리와 구조의 형태다. 그는 고정관념을 넘어 신체와 권력, 또 지식과 권력, 성과 권력의 관계를 조명함으로써 근대적 권력의 기술과 방식을 제시했다. 푸코의 권력이론은 그 개념의 유연함 덕분에 여러 학문 분야에서 폭넓게 활용되고 있다. 특히 건축학, 사회학부터 영화학, 문예학에 이르기까지 그 분야는 매우 광범위하다. 본 논문은 장위엔 영화의 영상 자체를 분석함으로써 그의 캐릭터를 재현방식을 연구한다. 기존 연구와 달리, 본 논문에서는 장위엔의 영화를 텍스트로 삼아, 미셸 푸코의 권력이론을 이용하여 장위엔 감독의 캐릭터 재현방식을 분석함으로써 그의 영상에 나타난 권력체계를 연구한다. 결론적으로는 장위엔 감독은 도시주변인의 삶을 재현함으로써 규율사회를 조명한다. 그는 규율 제재를 재현하는 동시에 모든 사람이 권력 체계 내에서 평가되여 억압되며 통제되고 있는 진실을 보여준다. 즉, 영화 내용, 또는 이야기 측면에서 그의 작품은 사회주체의 심리를 근거로 하지만, 캐릭터 재현 방식과 결합해서 그의 작품의 모티브는 규율사회에 관한 비판이라고 할 수가 있다.

(The) effect of substituents of 1,10-phenanthroline ligands on the electroluminescent properties of light-emitting electrochemical cells

문단비 부산대학교 2013 국내석사

인간 거대세포바이러스 (HCMV) JHC주의 낮은 계대와 높은 계대 비교분석

왕문단 충북대학교 2014 국내석사

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strain JHC was isolated from a patient undergoing bone marrow transplantation and capable of infecting and replicating in human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cell lines. The virus was further propagated in vitro for more than 40 times and biological and genetic changes were monitored. For each passage, real-time PCR was performed in order to determine the virus genome copy number and plaque assay was employed to get infectious virus titer. With increase of virus passages in vitro cell culture, the infectious virus titers increased gradually, while the numbers of virus genome copies remained relatively unchanged. There was a linear correlation to some extent between the passage number and log10 infectious virus titer per virus genome copy number. In order to understand the genetic basis of the increase in HCMV infectivity in higher passage, the entire genomic DNA sequence of the high passages (p37) of HCMV strain JHC was determined and compared with the genome sequence of the low passage (p6). Total of 100 mutations were found in the JHC p37, of which only two mutations were observed in open reading frame. A G->T substitution in RL13 gene resulted in a nonsense mutation, causing an early stop. A G-> A substitution in UL122 gene generated a nonsynonymous mutation changing serine to phenylalanine. The mutations in RL13 and UL122 genes might be related with the increase in virus infectivity, although the role of mutations innon-coding region can not be excluded.