MODELING TRANSPORT OF COLLOID-FACILITATED CONTAMINANTS AND CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM OOCYSTS IN RIVERBANK FILRTATION

김성배 Texas A&M University 2001 해외박사

In the first study, mathematical models are developed to describe the contaminant transport in the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and bacteria as mobile colloids in riverbank filtration. In the first model, an equilibrium approach is used to describe the bacterial attachment onto solid matrix and the sorption of contaminants onto solid matrix, DOM, and bacteria. In the second model, the mobile immobile region approach is used to consider the nonideality of the contaminant transport due to the physical heterogeneity in porous media. In addition, the kinetic expressions are used to describe the bacterial deposition to solid matrix and the contaminant sorption to DOM and bacteria. The model result shows that contaminants can move faster than expected in the aquifer where riverbank filtration is practiced due to the presence of DOM. If bacteria are present with contaminants in the influent river water during riverbank filtration, the mobility of contaminants is enhanced further. Furthermore, contaminants can move faster in dual-porous media where ineffective micropores are present than in single-porous media. In the second study, a mathematical model is presented to describe the transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in porous media. C. parvum is a protozoan parasite, causing a gastrointestinal disease in humans and is transmitted through environment in the form of oocyst. In drinking water treatment systems, C. parvum oocysts frequently pass through the filtration system. In addition, the oocysts, breaching the filtration systems, are not readily inactivated with acceptable chlorine concentration. Therefore, riverbank filtration is recognized as an alternative method to remove the oocysts from source water. After model development, the model parameters are estimated by fitting the experimental data with the numerical solutions. Sensitivity analysis shows that the concentration profile is very sensitive to the change of the Damkohler numbers. In addition, the governing equations are modified to simulate the vertical transport of oocysts in saturated porous media. The settling velocity of oocysts and the permeability reduction are incorporated into the equations. The model result shows that the settling velocity should be counted to simulate the vertical transport of oocysts in porous media.

甲狀腺 乳頭狀 癌腫에서 腫瘍血管形成과 血管內皮成長因子 發顯의 緣關性

김성배 仁濟大學校 大學院 2003 국내석사

배경: 유두상 암종은 임상병기가 낮거나 저위험군에서도 갑상선내 다발성으로 전파되거나 피막을 침윤하여 주위 조직으로 파급되기도 하고, 림프절 전이, 국소재발 및 원격전이가 되는 경우가 있으므로 유두상 암종 환자의 치료 방법 결정 및 예후 예측에 어려움이 있어 독립된 위험인자 또는 예후인자가 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구는 유두상 암종에서 종양혈관형성과 혈관내피성장인자 발현과 종양의 성장, 주변 조직 침윤, 병기, 림프절 전이, 재발 등의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 갑상선의 유두상 암종 79예를 대상으로 나이, 성별, 종양의 크기, 다발성 유무, 피막 침범, 전이, 재발 둥을 조사하고, TNM 병기, DeGroot 병기 및 AMES scoring system에 따라 분류하였다. 신생혈관 형성도를 측정하기위해 CD34에 대한 면역조직화학염색을 하여 400배 시야에서 미세혈관밀도(microvessel density, MVD)를 계측하였고, 혈관내피성장인자 (VEGF)에 대한 면역조직화학염색을 시행하여 발현강도와 양성세포의 수에 따라 1+와 2+로 나누었다. 결과 : 1. MVD의 평균값은 39.7±16.9이었다. 45세 이상인 군(43.6±7.7)이 45세 미만인 군에 비해 MVD가 높았고 (p=0.0354), 남성(51.9±8.2)에서 여성보다 높은 MVD 수치를 보였다. (p=0.0296). 잠재유두암종 (1cm 이하)에서 오히려 높았으나(42.3±17.8) 종양의 크기에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 갑상선내 다발성 병소를 가진 군(46.6±16.6)에서 단발성인 군에 비해 높게 나타났다 (p=0.0028). 국소재발이 있었던 군에 비해 오히려 재발이 없었던 군(40.1±17.0)에서 높게 나타나서 재발과는 연관성이 없었다(p>0.05). 피막을 침범한 군(45.2±17.6)과 림프절의 전이가 있는 군(43.6±17.8)에서 그렇지 않은 군에 비해 통계학적으로 유의하게 높았다(p=0.0001 p=0.0001). TNM 병기 3 군(46.5±18.4)과 DeGroot 병기 3군 (45.2±17.6) 및 고위험군(50.7±17.1)에서 MVD가 통계학적 유의하게 높았다. (P=0.0022, p=0.0163, p=0.0001). 2. VEGF 발현은 환자의 나이, 종양의 크기, 다발성 유무, 재발 유무에 따른 통계학적 차이는 없었으나 잠재 유두상 암종에서 오히려 강하고 미만성으로(2+) 발현되었으며, 45세 이상인 군과 다발성 및 재발된 군에서 2+가 많았다. 피막 침범군(70.0%)과 림프절 전이군(67.3%)에서 VEGF 2+발현이 통계학적으로 유의하게 많았다 (p=0.0006, p=0.0013). 또한 TNM 병기 3군(30.6%) 및 DeGroot 병기 3군(70.0%)과 고위험군(75.0%)에서 VEGF 2+ 발현이 많았다. (p=0.0236, p=0.0003, p=0.0293). 3. VEGF 2+인 경우 MVD가 45.4±17.2로서 VEGF 1+인 경우의 32.9±13.9보다 유의하게 높았으며 (p=0.0008), 정의 상관관계를 보였다 (r=0.4616). 결론: 갑상선의 유두상 암종에서 종양혈관형성에 혈관내피성장인자가 관여하는 것으로 생각되며, 미세혈관밀도 증가가 다발성과 관련이 있으므로 유두상 암종의 갑상선내 파급 가능성을 예측할 수 있을 것으로 추정된다. 또한 종양혈관형성도와 혈관내피성장인자는 종양의 피막침범 및 림프절 전이, TNM 병기 3, DeGroot 병기 3, AMES scale에 따른 고위험군과 밀접한 연관성을 보이므로 유두상 암종의 고위험인자로서 유용성이 있을 것으로 생각된다. Background: Papillary thyroid carcinomas occasionally present multiple lesions by intrathyroid spread, capsular invasion, and lymph node metastasis, even in early clinical stage or low risk group. Evaluation for independent risk factor or prognostic factors of papillary thyroid carcinomas is needed for deciding therapeutic method and predicting prognosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the relevance of risk factors through the correlation between tumor angiogenesis and expression of VEGF and clinical stage, metastasis and recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinomas. Methods: The materials were 79 cases of papillary thyroid carcinomas, and age, sex, tumor size, multiplicity of tumor, capsular invasion, lymph node metastasis, recurrence, TNM stage, DeGroot stage and AMES scale were evaluated. An immunohistochemical stains for CD 34 (Neomark) to estimate microvessel density (MVD), and VEGF (Santa Cruz) were done. MVD was defined as an average count of vessels per ×400 power field in the most vascularized area. VEGF expression was interpreted as 1+ and 2+ according to staining intensity and percentages of positive cells. Results : 1. Mean score of MVD was 39.7±16.9. MVD was statistically higher in above 45 years group (43.6±17.7) than below 4 years group (p=0.0354) and in men (51.9±18.2) than women (p=0.0296). The MVD of occult papillary carcinoma cases (less than 1cm in size) showed rotatively high(42.3±17.8), and MVD(46.6±16.6) of cases with multiplicity was significantly high (p=0.0028). But there was no significant difference between MVD and cancer recurrence(p>0.05). MVD were significantly higher in cases with capsular invasion (45.2± 17.6) (p=0.0001), lymph node metastasis (43.6± 17.8)(p=0.0001), TNM stage Ⅲ (46.5±18.4)(p=0.0022), DeGroot stage Ⅲ(45.2± 17.6)(p=0.0163) and high risk group by AMES scale (50.7±17.1)(p=0.0001). 2. VEGF expression was not correlated with patient's age, sex, multiplicity and tumor recurrence. VEGF 2+ expression rate was increased in cases with occult carcinoma, but statistically not significant. VEGF 2+ expression rate was significantly increased in cases with capsular invasion (70.0%) and lymph node metastasis (67.3%)(p=0.0006, p=0.0013), and in cases with TNM stage Ⅲ (30.6%), DeGroot stage Ⅲ (70.0%) and high risk group (75.0%) (p=0.0236, p=0.0003, p=0.0293). 3. In VEGF 2+ expression group, MVD (45.4±172) was significantly higher than in VEGF 1. group (p=0.0008), and MVD showed positive relation to VEGF 2+ expression (r=0.4616). Conclusion : In papillary thyroid carcinoma, VEGF might be related with tumor angiogenesis. High MVD could be a risk factor of intrathyroid spread of papillary thyroid carcinoma, and high MVD and VEGF 2+ expression seem to be useful for predicting the cases with capsular invasion, lymph node metastasis TNM stage Ⅲ, DeGroot stage Ⅲ, high risk group by AMES scale in papillary thyroid carcinomas.

貿易과 環境에 대한 對應方案

김성배 건국대학교 경영대학원 1998 국내석사

경찰공무원의 부패에 관한 연구 : 전남 지방경찰청을 중심으로

김성배 목포대학교 경영행정대학원 2011 국내석사

Generally, a police officer is in a position where he or she should serve civilians based on fair law enforcement and trust. Since they should enforce the law and provide various services for people at the forefront, corruption of the police is fundamentally significant in that it is seen as an accurate gauge for identifying corruption done by public officials. This study examines the corruption of police officers, classifies the causes of their corruption into personal, collective (organizational), environmental and cultural factors, analyzes each factor for differences in recognition according to different respondents and provides suggestions to prevent corruption associated with police officers. The scope of this study is as follows: The first chapter states the purpose, method and scope of the study. In the second chapter, the concept of corruption, the type of corruption, its characteristics and the corruption system of police officers in advanced countries are studied as a theological background. In the third chapter, general characteristics of corruption, investigation upon recognition of corruption and its implications are shown as an empirical study for police corruption. In the fourth chapter, plans for the prevention of corruption as an individual or as a group, and in terms of environmental or cultural factors are suggested for the prevention of corruption of police officers. The study can be summarized as the stabilization of ethical education for anti-corruption to prevent corruption individually, the democratization of police officers, solid work ethics, and the reformation of consciousness of public officials. Plans to prevent corruption as a group include establishing a sound group culture, strengthening functions of inner control, having a self-reflection and regularly conducting surveys on public officials' integrity. Plans to prevent corruption environmentally and culturally include improving the culture of police organization in cooperation with private sectors, strengthening governance control with the participation of citizens and improving the corruption-evoking culture. Comparative study on nations that did or did not succeed in preventing or eliminating corruption shows that anti-corruption is a crucial factor for the development of a country. Therefore, it is needless to say that appropriate consciousness of police officers is required for anti-corruption which contributes to economic development and other facets of national development. 일반적으로 경찰은 공정한 법집행과 신뢰를 바탕으로 한 대국민 봉사의 임무를 수행하는 위치에 있다. 경찰은 국민생활의 최 일선에서 법을 집행하고 다양한 서비스를 제공하고 있기 때문에, 경찰부패는 국민이 피부로 느낄 수 있는 공직부패의 바로미터가 되고 있다는 점에서 일차적 중요성을 찾아볼 수 있다. 또한 법을 집행하는 경찰이 법을 어기거나 제대로 집행하지 않은 것은 곧 법의 권위를 스스로 깨뜨리는 행위가 되며 수년 동안 쌓아온 국민의 신뢰와 존경을 순식간에 무너뜨리는 결과를 가져온다. 따라서 경찰부패는 한마디로 경찰에 대한 국민의 신뢰를 깨뜨리는 행위이기 때문에 부패해결이 무엇보다 중요한 과제이다. 이 연구는 경찰공무원의 부패에 관한 연구로써, 경찰부패의 원인을 개인적 요인, 조직 특성적 요인, 환경 문화적 요인으로 구분하여 각각의 요인이 응답자의 특성에 따라 인식의 차이가 있는지를 분석하고 경찰부패 개선방안에 대해서 제시하고 있다. 이 연구의 방법은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부패에 대한 개념, 선진 외국의 경찰부패에 대한 통제전략의 경찰부패에 대해 문헌조사를 한다. 둘째, 이 연구는 경찰부패영향 요인이 응답자의 특성에 따라 차이가 있는지를 실증분석을 하였다. 따라서 분석에 필요한 빈도분석과 교차분석을 한다. 빈도분석을 통해 응답자의 일반적인 경향을 알아보고 있으며, 교차분석을 통해서 응답의 경향에 차이가 있는지를 분석한다. 이 연구의 결과를 요약하면 개인적요인의 개선방안으로는 반부패 윤리교육의 내실화, 경찰의 민주화와 공직윤리의 확보, 공무원의 의식개혁이 필요하다. 조직 특성적 요인의 개선방안으로는 건전한 조직문화의 확립, 내부통제 기능의 강화, 자발적 자정운동, 주기적인 청렴도 조사가 필요하다. 환경 문화적 요인의 개선방안으로는 민간과 공동사업으로 경찰조직문화개선 시민참여를 통한 거버넌스 통제 강화, 부패 유발적 문화의 개선이 필요하다. 경찰부패를 방지하기 위해서는 경찰관 개개인의 반부패의지가 중요 하다고 본다. 또한 부패 유혹에도 흔들리지 않도록 국가가 처우 개선을 적극적으로 마련하는 것도 중요하다. 경찰관 소수의 부패로 대다수의 경찰관들의 사기를 저하시키고 국민들의 경찰에 대한 신뢰를 추락시킬 때, 이것은 결국 정부 공권력에 국민들의 심한 냉소주의를 가져오는 우를 범하게 된다. 부정부패 해결에 성공한 나라들과 실패한 나라들의 경험을 살펴볼 때 부정부패 해결이 국가발전에 필요충분조건이라는 사실을 알 수 있다. 따라서 부패개혁이 경제발전과 국가발전의 필요충분조건이라는 데에 경찰공무원들의 바른 인식이 필요하다고 볼 수 있다.

영어교육에 있어서의 의사소통능력 신장방안 : Situational pictures 활용을 중심으로

김성배 단국대학교 교육대학원 영어교육전공 1988 국내석사

It cannot be denied that the teaching of middle school English in Korea centers around preperations for the enterance examination to high school. The teaching of English through audio-visual aids has been somewhat ignored by most of the teachers of English, for the entrance examination usually consists of the written form rather than spoken form. This research was conducted from September 1, 1986 to July 31, 1987. This thesis attempts to emphasize the effectiveness of situational pictures within a framework of visual aids in the teaching of English as a foreign laguage. The results obtained are as follows : 1. Situational Pictures enable to hint a situation make use of good teaching materials. 2. Visual materials enable to hint the content of sentence are useful for inducing the students, motivation and interest for studying English when they were used for the second year students of the middle school. 3. Teaching through situational pictures has been found to greatly improve students, speaking skill, one of the four fundamental skills of language acauisition. 4. Visual materials are the most adequate and effective teaching aids for the development of communicative abilities. 5. Situational pictures prepared in advance eliminate the load of teaching. Currently here in Korea no absolute perfect and sur -fire method of English teaching is available, which suggests that a heavy burden is supposed to be imposed upon Korean teachers of English. Any teaching aid or teaching method is vulnerable to criticism, being exposed to comparisons and weighing criteria of its effectiveness, utility, validity, etc.

美國 金融持柱會社의 業務와 그 規制에 관한 硏究

김성배 建國大學校 2001 국내박사

A "financial holding company" in the United States is defined in the Bank Holding Company Act(BHC Act) to mean "a bank holding company that meets the requirements of section 4(l)(1)." And Section 4(l)(1) defines the requirements that a financial holding company must meet in order to engage in expanded financial activities. The bank holding company structure has been a necessary component of the United States banking system for many years due to historical legal limitations on the ability of banks to establish branches and to engage directly in nonbanking activities. Bank holding companies developed primarily as a means of geographic expansion by banks wanting to serve customers beyond city or state boundaries where they were legally confined under state antibranching laws and the McFadden Act of 1927. The rapid growth of bank holding companies concerned independent bankers' groups as well as federal banking officials, who lacked the authority to regulate such entities. The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 contained provisions affecting bank holding companies, but these provisions did little to restrict bank holding companies' movement into nonbanking activities other than the securities business, and bank holding companies could easily evade the requirement by refraining from voting the stock of the bank affiliates. Concerns about this kind of control of bank by bank holding companies and inadequacy of early laws resulted in the enactment of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956. The Act has had two goals: to prevent the unrestrained concentration of banking resources under the control of a single organization, and to prevent undue concentration of economic power that may result when banking and nonbanking enterprises combine under the same corporate umbrella. The BHC Act reflects a Congressional belief that the essential role of banks in the nation's economy requires regulation of the formation and expansion of bank holding companies at the federal level to ensure compliance with national policies designed to preserve competition in the banking industry, promote banking safety and soundness, and fulfill community needs for banking services. The BHC Act defines a "bank holding company" to mean "any company which has control over any bank or over any company that is or becomes a bank holding company by virtue of this act." Thus, the major elements of the definition of a bank holding company are that a "company" must have "control" over a "bank" or a "bank holding company." The regulation of the ownership and control of banks is a central purpose of the BHC Act. Section 3 of the Act provides for prior Federal Reserve Board(FRB) review of bank holding company proposals to acquire banks to ensure that such proposals are consistent with the Act's purposes. The BHC Act also limits the involvement of bank holding companies in commercial activities and thereby maintains a separation between banking and commerce. Section 4 limits the types of nonbanking activities in which a bank holding company or its subsidiaries may engage, and imposes certain notice and approval requirements with respect to the commencement of nonbanking activities by bank holding companies. Section 4(c)(8) of the BHC Act permits bank holding companies to engage in activities that the Federal Reserve Board determined to be "so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident thereto" before the date of the enactment of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act(the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999). The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act(GLB Act) represents the culmination of Congressional financial reform efforts spanning more than 30 years. The GLB Act makes sweeping changes to federal statutes governing the scope of permissible activities and the supervision of banks, bank holding companies, and their affiliates. The GLB Act, in particular, lowers barriers between the banking and securities industries erected by the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 and between the banking and the insurance industries erected by the 1982 amendments to the BHC Act of 1956. Under the GLB Act, a bank holding company may elect to become a "financial holding company", therefore bank holding companies are not compelled to elect "financial holding company" status. Bank holding companies that do not make such an election will continue to be regulated by the FRB as such, and their permissible activities will continue be limited to those that are "closely related to banking" as prescribed by the BHC Act and FRB orders and regulations in effect on November 11, 1999. Thus, the permissible scope of non-electing bank holding company activities is frozen as of the date of enactment of the GLB Act. The GLB Act added a new Section 4(k) to the BHC Act authorizing financial holding companies to engage in activities that are "financial in nature" and activities that are incidental to such financial activities. In addition, Section 4(k) authorizes complementary activities, including any activity that is "complementary to a financial activity and does not pose a substantial risk to the safety and soundness of depository institutions or the financial system generally." The question of whether an activity is financial in nature or incidental to a financial activity may arise before the FRB in two ways: it may be raised before the FRB, or it may be brought to the FRB by the Secretary of the Treasury. And not all bank holding companies may become financial holding companies and take up financial activities. There are three requirements. First, all of the bank holding company's depository institution subsidiaries must be well capitalized. Second, all of those depository institution subsidiaries must be well managed. Third, the bank holding company must file with the FRB a declaration of its intention to become a financial holding company, including a certification that its depository institution subsidiaries meet the first two requirements. As a result of the expanded activities granted to financial holding companies, the GLB Act effectively permits affiliation between bank holding companies, insurance companies, and securities firms, under the umbrella of a "financial holding company." In South Korea, the late 1990's is a time of rapid change in the financial markets during which the banking industry and the financial system as a whole experienced heightened uncertainty and instability. The bankruptcy of major corporations, turmoil in the stock markets, and the ultimate collapse of the thrift industry created an atmosphere of impending economic chaos that caused the government to concern about the national financial system. One of the financial reform efforts is the enactment of the Financial Holding Company Act of 2000(FHC Act). The GLB Act in the United State has provided great new efficiencies and has democratized the financial services world. Moreover, the policymakers in the United States are required to solve the new problems that the GLB Act poses such as privacy, safety and soundness, credit availability, criminal activity and consumer protections. To prepare the financial industry for the new challenges in the age of the Internet and telecommunications revolution, the regulators in South Korea, especially under the FHC Act, need to take into consideration the purpose and relevant sections of the GLB Act in the United States.

가변 윈도우를 이용한 클리핑 알고리즘에 관한 연구

김성배 호서대학교 1993 국내석사

스토리지 네트워크 보안현황과 스토리지 모델 비교분석

김성배 東國大學校 國際情報大學院 2004 국내석사

Since the importance of data increases, Direct Attached Storage has been changed to Network Storage by many enterprises. Nowadays there is a new movement that the network storage is being moved to outside of firewall and in safe data centers. Since network storage is got growing and complicated, management process and security management are rising as an essential part in business. Storage management became a main request of fundamental structure of storage, however, storage security management is regarded as a part of storage management. Storage Security should be recognized as not a part of storage management but a main part of storage network that is defined as the collection of security controls, settings and values that are used to ensure that access to storage resource is allowed only through secure communication channels to authorized users and trusted network. New storage network technologies have been announced. Therefore, new secure threateningmight be with the new techs. SNIA sharing storage model provides to understanding of the technological structures of storage through analyzing new storage technologies by every each layers. In addition, the secure storage model provides the framework that gives better security and trust to storage networking.

PhotoOrgel: 분위기 분류를 이용한 사용자 중심의 뮤직 슬라이드 쇼 자동 생성

김성배 숭실대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

본 논문에서는 음악과 사진의 분위기 분류를 이용하여 사용자 중심의 뮤직 슬라이드 쇼를 자동으로 생성하는 PhotoOrgel 시스템을 제안한다. PhotoOrgel은 개인의 사진 데이터베이스와 입력된 음악에 대해, 사람의 인지와 유사한 분위기 모델에 의해 정의된 4가지 범주로 분위기를 분류한다. 사용자가 선택한 입력 음악의 분위기가 결정되면, 개인의 사진 데이터베이스에서 동일한 분위기를 가지는 사진들이 선택되고, 음악의 템포에 따라 사진들이 자동으로 정렬되어 뮤직 슬라이드 쇼가 완성된다. 제안된 시스템은 사용자 평가 결과, 음악 감상 시에 풍부한 감성적 경험을 할 수 있도록 하였으며, 기존의 웹상의 사진을 이용하여 뮤직 슬라이드 쇼를 생성한 방법에 비해 사용자들이 높은 만족도를 나타내었다. In this paper, we propose PhotoOrgel, a system that automatically generates a user-driven music slide show using mood classification of music and photo. The PhotoOrgel classifies the mood to input music and photo in personal photo database to four categories defined by mood model similar to human perception. Deciding to the mood for input music entered by user, the photos which have a equivalent mood for the music in personal photo database are chosen, and then the resultant music slide show is constructed from the photos are automatically aligned by tempo of the music. In user test, the proposed system provided richer emotional experience to user when listening the music, and presented the user satisfaction higher than previous method of the music slide show or music video generation by using web image resource.

性ホルモンリセプタ―のシグナル傳達を指標としたホルモン樣化學物質スクリ―ニング法の開發 : In vivo and in vitro assay and screening of chemicals involved in cellular signaling through sex hormone receptors

김성배 東京大學 大學院 2003 해외박사

Biological discovery has moved at an accelerated pace in recent years, with considerable focus on the transition from in vitro to in vivo models. As such, there has been a greater need to adapt biological knowledges for feasible cellular or animal levels of new assays based on biochemical processes. Considerable efforts have been directed in recent years toward the development of cellular, noninvasive, high-resolution, small animal in vivo imaging technologies. The author presents in his thesis the achievements during his doctoral course, that is mainly 1) a new in vitro screening assay for endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) using yellow fluorescence protein (YFP)-labeled estrogen receptor (ER), a hormone-dependent binding between ER and estrogen responsive element (ERE), 2) a new in vivo screening assay for EDCs using translocation of androgen receptor (AR), split-luciferase and reconstitution system in a cell line, 3) a new noninvasive quantitative imaging method in a small animal of endo- or exogenous hormones, 4) a brain imaging method using a bioluminescence and its hormone-dependent photon emission and a subsequent determination of the influence of EDCs on brain. The specific contents are as followings. In the in vivo approach, the author validates a new hormone-dependent imaging method, which is for analysis of the hormonal activities of androgens in cells and living mice based on a split-Renilla luciferase system and androgen-dependent translocation of androgen receptor (AR) into the cellular nucleus. For this approach, we expressed a fusion protein containing AR with C-terminal fragments of DnaE, a self-catalyzed protein-splicing intein, and Renilla luciferase origined from Sea Pansy (Renilla Renformis), which localizes in the cytosol of mammalian COS-7 cells. The counter part, N-terminal fragments of DnaE and Renilla luciferase, was expressed with a three-repeat nuclear localization signal (NLS, 8AA; (DPKKKRKV)3), and anchored in the nucleus. Androgen-dependently, the AR-fused C-terminal protein (cytosol) is translocated into the nucleus and makes an interaction with the waiting N-terminus part of the counter fusion protein (Nucleus). Through the protein splicing, Renilla luciferase is reconstituted in the cellular nucleus and emits visible light ranged from 400 nm to 650 nm in the presence of its specific substrate, coelenterazine. The author extensively validates the quantifying ability to image androgen-dependent bioluminescence in living mice, in which transiently transfected COS-7 cells were implanted in each interesting site, e.g., brain. A highly sensitive cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was used for imaging bioluminescence in living mice through a photon counting. Cells transiently expressing the N- and C-terminal fragments of Renilla luciferase were imaged while implanted in the brain of living mice after the brain-injection with its specific substrate, coelenterazine. This specific visualization method for a cellular molecular event, i.e., a hormone-dependent translocation of AR into cellular nucleus, in living subjects will allow to study cellular networks, including signal transduction pathways, as well as development and optimization of pharmaceuticals with near-simultaneously monitoring of interesting inner-cellular molecular events. In the in vitro approach, the author describes a new in vitro screening assay, which is for the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as synthetic estrogens, with an array-type DNA glass slide having characteristics of 1) a high sample throughput, 2) a compact size allowing a small sample volume, and 3) a sensitive determination based on the estrogen-dependent binding of the human estrogen receptor α (hERα) with its estrogen responsive element (ERE; Vit. A2 gene promoter). We devised a glass slide on which a thin agarose gel was mounted. Avidin was then covalently immobilized on each well of the glass slide after the gel was activated by a NaIO4 solution. Also, the biotinylated ERE as a DNA probe was immobilized on the gel layer through avidin-biotin binding. After the estrogen-dependent binding of a yellow fluorescent protein-fused hERα (YFP-hERα) to ERE on the gel layer, the fluorescence intensity of YFP-hERα quantitatively extracted into the gel was directly determined with a fluorescence microplate reader. Pre-incubation of YFP-hERα with estrogen at 37℃ for 30 min enhanced the estrogen-dependent hERα―ERE binding. The determined hormonal activities of estrogens on the interaction of YFP-hERα with ERE were as follows in their decreasing order: diethylstilbestrol (DES) > 17ß-estradiol (E2) ≒ ethynylestradiol (EE2) > 4-hydroxy tamoxifene (OHT) > clomiphene (Clo). The present method provides a sensitive estrogen-dependent dose-response curve down to ~10-13 M in the case of DES. Through these in vivo and in vitro studies, the author intended to validate a new breakthrough for making generally applicable analytical methods to quantitatively visualize a specific protein-protein interaction in microplates, cells, living mice, or even in an interesting inner organ such as brain of living mice with near-simultaneous manner.