전북지역 학교급식소 경영자에 의한 영양교사 직무의 수행도와 중요도 분석

김모아 전북대학교 교육대학원 2009 국내석사

The purpose of this research was to analyze the performance and important of nutrition teachers by the administrators(principals, vice principals, administrators) view and find newly required responsibility of nutrition teachers and suggest educational program to improve their capability. And the purpose of this research was also to present basic draft to settle nutrition teacher system in early stage. To achieve it, we distributed questionnaire to principals, vice principals and administrators of school serving meals. The statistic results was proceeded on SPSS 12.0 base. The results of this study is outlined as follows : Firstly, as a result of analysing differences between performance and importance regarding guidance of dietary life, support of nutrition information and nutrition consultation, importance was significantly higher than performance (p<0.001). And 6 sub-articles got similar answer between each position. Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) results proved that the analysis and implementing schedule on object of nutrition consultation should be enlarged and eating habits coaching, developing nutrition educational information, establishment of nutrition counseling room was regarded as less important. Secondly, analysis on the performance and importance of menu management showed that importance was higher than performance in 4 sub-articles. Performance on menu planning had different answer between groups (p<0.05). IPA result showed that confirmation of menu & nutrition for a day should be enlarged and decision of nutrition norm seemed unnecessary job. Thirdly, analysis on the performance and importance of purchase & inventory management showed no significant difference among them. Even in sub-article, significant difference between groups were not detected. This analysis guided us to strengthen forecast, but inventory checking and storehouse sanitation checking are currently frequently implemented and regarded important in the future as well while making ordering forms seemed not important but promptly implemented. Fourthly, analysis on the performance and importance of sanitation & operation management proved that importance was significantly higher than performance(p<0.05), there was the most different result in supervising & planing of cooking between groups(p<0.01). The different answer was found in performance of facility & equipment checking, performance of clean & sterilization checking, performance of leftover checking, performance of supervising & planing of distribution, importance of HACCP management as well(p<0.05). IPA result showed that supervising & planing of cooking should be improved and supervising & planing of distribution, meal rounding, supervising waste plate were neither implemented well nor regarded important. Fifthly, importance was much higher(p<0.01) than performance in analysis on the performance and importance of testing food, human resources management. There was different result (p<0.05) between groups in performance appraisal. IPA results showed that there was no point to improve and testing food, cooks training & distribution were currently well implemented but regarded not important. Sixthly, analysis on the performance and importance of tasks except meal service showed performance was slightly higher than importance. The answer on surveying milk feeding was quite different(p<0.05) in performance between groups. There was no task to improve. Water purifier checking and homeroom teachers was not implemented and regarded unimportant task. Seventhly, IPA analysis on performance and importance for each duty, focus here group was the areas that performance was lower than mean and importance was higher than mean such as eating habits coaching, offer nutrition information, nutrition counseling. Doing great group was the areas that both performance and importance are higher than mean; menu management, food material purchase management, food material inventory management, sanitation management, operation management, testing food, human resources management. Low priority group was the areas that both performance and importance are lower than mean. And it was meal service except only. Overdone group was the area that performance was higher than mean while importance was lower than mean. But this survey couldn't find. The eighth, through ranked analysis of education requirement for the teaching profession development, we found that children`s understanding & behavior coaching(43.8%), educational philosophy & teaching profession(35,4%), relationship between parents and community(11.0%), teacher service & educational law(9.3%), computer & educational engineering the others(0.2%). In the expert knowledge development, the results was specialist knowledge(39.9%), knowledge of business practice(35.2%), knowledge of nutrition counseling(18%), manufacturing & development of nutrition counseling(3.9%), teaching & assessment of nutrition counseling(2.7%). In the social structure development, the results was communication & decision(46.2%), staff relationship(32.6%), leadership(13.6%) equipment, office work, human resources management(5.6%) a theory of learning encouragement (1.6%). In the culture development, character marked 48.1% and was followed by mental and physical health 39.4%. Other elements such as home and community life, hobby and interesting, changes in society & current question were negligible. Finally after we reviewed ranked analysis of education requirement for the self development to settle nutrition tutors, establishment of teaching profession scored 38.4% and was found the most important element and it was followed by improvement of staff relationship(20.4%) and improvement of teaching ability(18%) while improvement of education manufacturing and improvement of office work &administration ability were respectively low. In the support policy, revision of related law ranked 1st place(36.1%) and expansion of job training chance(23.2%) followed it.

초저온보관 의약품의 운송을 위한 포장 용기의 온도 유지 개선방안 연구

김모아 청주대학교 융합신기술대학원 2024 국내석사

PAHO/WHO defines cold chains as interconnected with refrigeration equipment that can be stored at the recommended temperature to maintain product efficacy with a set of rules and procedures that ensure the proper storage and transport of vaccines or diagnostic reagents in health services from country to region. Although Korea's cold chain technology is already high, it has the disadvantage of requiring that high cost to transport while maintaining an ultra-low temperature (-90°C to -60°C). Large manufacturers use high costs of specialized cold chain companies due to high logistics volume compared to production volume, but small and medium-sized manufacturers have relatively low production and transportation volume, so transportation efficiency is low compared to cost. In order to improve the shortcomings of the high-cost cold chain system, this study proposes a packaging method that can be transported domestically while maintaining stable temperatures without power supply using additional interior materials such as ready-made passive transport containers "ORCA multi-use," phase change material (PCM) panels, and dry ice. The passive container "ORCA multi-use" made of extended polystyrene (EPS) was used as a basic insulation material to measure "ORCA multi-use" as it is according to the combination of refrigerant, and ‘Research 1’ measured by combining "ORCA multi-use" and dry ice, and ‘Research 2’ measured by combining PCM panels and dry ice. Each combination measured the temperature change over time and the results were compared and evaluated. In addition, since it aims to maintain stable temperature in Korea, we also observed whether there is a difference in temperature change of each component according to the external environment (30°C and -5°C) by reflecting the seasonal characteristics of Korea. As a result, it was confirmed that the time to maintain the ultra-low temperature was stably longer in ‘Research 2’ than in ready-made products or ‘Research 1’. In addition, the internal temperature was affected by ready-made products or ‘Research 1’ depending on the external environment, but ‘Research 2’ obtained the result of stably maintaining ultra-low temperatures with little effect from the external environment. PAHO/WHO에서는 콜드체인(Cold chain)을 국가부터 지역까지 보건 서비스에 백신류나 진단시약류를 적절하게 저장하고 운반하는 것을 보장하는 일련의 규칙과 절차로 제품의 효능을 유지하기 위해 권장 온도에 보관할 수 있는 냉동 장비와 상호 연결되어 있다고 정의한다. 국내의 콜드체인 기술은 이미 높은 수준이지만 초저온(–90℃ ~ -60℃)인 온도 상태를 유지하면서 운송하는데 그만큼 높은 비용이 필요하다는 단점이 있다. 대형 제조업체의 경우 생산량 대비 물류 운송량이 많아 전문 콜드체인 업체의 고비용을 감수하고 이용하지만, 중소 제조업체의 경우 상대적으로 생산량과 운송량이 적어 비용 대비 운송 효율성이 낮은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 고비용의 콜드체인 시스템의 단점을 개선하기 위해 기성품인 수동적 수송 용기 'ORCA multi-use'와 상변화물질(PCM) panel 및 드라이아이스 같은 부가적인 내장재를 이용하여 전원 공급 없이 안정적인 온도 유지를 확보하면서 국내 운송할 수 있는 포장방법을 제시하고자 한다. 확장 폴리스타이렌(EPS)으로 제작된 수동적 수송 용기 'ORCA multi-use'를 기본 단열재로 사용하여 냉매제의 조합에 따라 'ORCA multi-use'를 그대로 측정한 기성품, 'ORCA multi-use'와 드라이아이스를 조합해 측정한 연구 1, 'ORCA multi-use', PCM panel과 드라이아이스를 조합해 측정한 연구 2로 구분하였다. 각 조합을 시간에 따른 온도 변화를 측정하였고 그 결과를 비교 평가하였다. 또한 안정적인 온도 유지의 국내 운송을 목표로 하고 있으므로 국내의 계절 특성을 반영하여 외부 환경(30℃와 –5℃)에 따른 각 구성의 온도 변화 차이가 있는지도 함께 관찰하였다. 그 결과 기성품이나 연구 1에서보다 연구 2에서 초저온을 유지하는 시간이 안정적으로 더 길다는 것을 관찰하였다. 또한 외부 환경에 따라 기성품이나 연구 1에서 내부 온도에 영향이 있었으나, 연구 2에서는 외부 환경에 따른 영향이 거의 없이 24시간 이상 안정적으로 초저온을 유지하는 결과를 확인하였다.

분노신념과 분노표현이 정신병리에 미치는 영향

김모아 가톨릭대학교 대학원 2012 국내석사

본 연구는 분노경험과 표현에 인지적 신념과 주장적인 표현 행동이 중요한 영향을 미칠 것이라 가정하고 이를 검증하고자 하였다. 또한 분노신념과 분노표현이 정신병리에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해, 관련 척도를 개발하고 영향력을 확인하였으며 이를 위해 2개의 연구가 수행되었다. 연구 1에서는 분노신념 척도와 주장적 분노표현 척도를 개발하였다. 탐색적 요인분석 결과, 분노신념 척도에서 공격적 분노표현 신념, 소극적 분노표현 신념, 주장적 분노표현 신념의 3개 요인이 산출되었다. 각 요인에 6문항이 속하였으며, 총 18개의 최종문항이 확정되었다. 주장적 분노표현 척도는 분노표출, 분노억압, 분노조절 요인으로 구성된 STAXI의 분노표현 척도와 함께 분석되었고, 그 과정에서 분노조절 요인이 제거되었다. 결과적으로 주장적 분노표현, 분노표출, 분노억압의 3개 요인이 추출되었으며, 각 요인에 8문항이 속하는 총 24개의 최종문항이 확정되었다. 연구 2에서는 연구 1에서 개발된 척도를 대상으로 확인적 요인분석을 실시하고 분노신념과 분노표현이 정신병리에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 확인적 요인분석 결과 두 척도 모두 양호한 RMSEA, SRMR 수치를 보였으나, CFI와 TLI의 기준치에는 미치지 못하는 값을 나타냈다. 하지만 경쟁모형과의 적합도 비교에서는 두 척도 모두 연구모형이 더 적절한 것으로 나타나 지지되었다. 이후 개발된 척도들을 이용하여 분노신념과 분노표현이 정신병질에 미치는 영향력을 알아보고자 위계적 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 신체화는 주장적 분노표현, 불안은 소극적 분노표현 신념과 분노억압, 우울은 주장적 분노표현 신념에 의해 설명되는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 정신병질은 공격적 분노표현 신념, 주장적 분노표현 신념, 분노표출, 주장적 분노표현에 의해 설명되었으며, 자기애는 공격적 분노표현 신념, 주장적 분노표현 신념, 분노억압, 주장적 분노표현, 분노표출에 의해 설명되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 임상적 함의와 제한점에 대해 논의하고 후속 연구의 방향을 제시하였다. This study was conducted to investigate that cognitive beliefs and assertive expression behavior effect on experience and expression of anger. Also, there was an attempt to develop the related scale and check the effects to know the effects of belief about anger and anger expression on psychopathology. For this purpose two studies was performed. In study 1, Beliefs about Anger Scale and Assertive Anger Expression Scale was developed. From the exploratory factor analysis, three factors was drived in the Beliefs about Anger Scale: 'Beliefs about Aggressive Anger Expression', 'Beliefs about Passive Anger Expression', 'Beliefs about Assertive Anger Expression'. Six questions for each of these factors, and eighteen in total, were formulated. The Assertive Anger Expression Scale was analyzed with the anger expression scale of STAXI. After Anger Control factor was removed, three factors was drived: 'Assertive Expression Scale', 'Anger-out', 'Anger-in'. Finally, eight questions for each of these factors, and twenty four in total, were formulated. In study 2, It was performed a confirmatory factor analysis of these scale, and checked the effects of anger on psychopathology. From confirmatory factor analysis, two scale were found to be a suitable tool with RMSEA and SRMS, but not with CFI and TLI. However, it was supported that the study models were better than competition model. Peripheral multi regression analysis conducted to check the effects of belief about anger and anger expression on somatization, psychopathy, narcism, anxiety, and depression. Lastly, implications and limits of this research, follow-up research suggestion were discussed.

3-5세 연령별 누리과정 지도서의 이야기나누기 활동 내용분석

김모아 전북대학교 교육대학원 2014 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to examine a pervasive trend in age gaps in discussion activities of the Nuri curriculum and to provide teachers with information on the right direction for discussion activity planning. Two different research efforts were made to serve the purpose. One was to make a frequency analysis of discussion activities by age on the three selected components(objects of activity, activity materials and activity method). The other was to make a correspondence analysis to look for connections between the life themes of discussion activities and the relevant elements of the Nuri curriculum and also between the life themes and methods of discussion activities. As for research method, a content analysis was made based on 272 discussion activities selected from the Nuri curriculum teacher's manuals for three-, four- and five-year-old children. Then five areas of analysis were selected based on the components of discussion activities: life themes, relevant elements of the Nuri curriculum, objects of activity, activity materials and activity methods. Then analysis criteria for each area of analysis were established. The object of activities were analyzed in terms of knowledge, function and attitude, and activity materials were classified into simple media, three-dimensional media and electronic media. Activity methods were analyzed in terms of conceptualization, comprehension, application, evaluation and synthesis. The collected data were classified and coded by Microsoft office Excel 2010. The findings of the study were as follows: First, as a result of making a frequency analysis of the components of the discussion activities by age, the objects of activity for ages 4 and 5 were well balanced in terms of function and attitude, but the weight of knowledge was largest in the objects of activity for age 5. As for activity materials, the presentation using three kinds of media was analysed. It is found that simple media and three-dimensional media were presented together more in the activity materials for age 3 than those for ages 4 and 5. In terms of activity method, the kind of questions that connected with application was prevailing in the activity methods for age 3, and comprehension-related questioning was dominant in the activity methods for age 4. For age 5, conceptualization-related questioning was prevailing. And the differences in the weight of the three kinds of questioning were significant. Second, when a correspondence analysis was made to determine the relationship between life themes and the relevant elements of the Nuri curriculum, the life theme "health and safety" largely corresponded with the area of exercise and health among the relevant elements of the Nuri curriculum, and the life theme "spring, summer, fall and winter" corresponded with the areas of communication and exercise/health mostly. The life themes that corresponded with the area of social relationship were "our neighborhood," "kindergarten and friends," "my family and I," "our country," and "various countries in the world." The life themes "animals, plants and nature," "tools for daily life," and "the environment and life" were closely related to inquiry into nature, and "public transportation" was linked to communication. As a result of making a correspondence analysis of the life themes and the type of questioning, the life theme "our country" was bound up with conceptualization-related questioning. The kind of questioning that was related to evaluation and synthesis was expected to be used in "public transportation," “various countries in the world," "my family and I," "animal, plants and nature," and "health and safety." "Our neighborhood" and "the environment and life" were closely linked to comprehension-related questioning, and lastly the life theme "spring, summer, fall and winter" was related to application-related questioning. The sort of questioning that were related to both conceptualization and synthesis was expected to be used in "kindergarten and friends" and "tools for daily life."

중학생의 형제관계가 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향:또래애착의 매개효과

김모아 대전대학교 상담대학원 2017 국내석사

형제관계는 부모와의 관계와는 다른 경험을 제공하며 한 개인이 성숙한 인간으로 성장하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 하고, 가족 외부의 사람들과의 상호작용을 위한 기초를 마련하는 것으로 다른 인적 관계와 달리 특별하면서도 중요하다. 최근 가족 유형이 핵가족화됨에 따라 과거 대가족 유형에서 조부모나 비슷한 또래의 친척들과 잦은 접촉을 하며 받았던 영향들이 없어지면서, 부모나 형제로부터 받는 영향이 상대적으로 더 커지게 되었다. 요즘처럼 핵가족화와 저출산 및 맞벌이의 증가로 가족 간의 인간관계의 폭은 좁아지고, 형제 상호간의 의존성이 증가하고 있는 상황에서 형제간 관계의 질적인 연구에 대한 필요성이 제기되었다. 본 연구에서는 청소년을 대상으로 형제관계의 중요성에 대해 강조하고, 청소년기의 생활 대부분을 차지하는 학교생활에서의 적응과의 관계에서 또래애착의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 연구대상자는 충남에 위치한 중학교에 재학 중인 1-3학년 학생 373명을 연구대상으로 하였으며, 연구에 사용된 형제관계 조사도구는 Furman과 Bugrmester(1985)가 제작한 이후 아동 및 가족분야의 연구에서 다른 척도들에 비해 비교적 널리 사용되어 온 형제관계 조사도구(Sibling Relationship Questionaire ; SRQ)로 박영애(1995)가 번안한 것을 송현정(1998)이 수정․보완한 것을 사용하여 총 22문항 중 부정적 요인을 제외한 8문항만을 사용하였고, 또래애착 척도는 총 25문항으로 Armsden과 Greenberg(1987)의 부모애착 및 또래애착 척도(Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, IPPA)의 개정본(Revised inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, IPPA-R)을 번안·수정한 옥정(1998)의 척도에서 또래애착 부분을 사용하였다. 학교생활적응척도는 임정순의 ‘아동의 학교생활적응에 관한 검사지’와 전호택의 ‘학교생활 검사지’를 참고로 하여 유윤희(1994)가 중․고등학생에 알맞게 수정, 보완하고 주현정(1998)이 사용한 것을 수정하여 총 21문항을 사용하였다. 수집된 자료의 분석을 위해 SPSS 22.0의 기술통계분석과 Pearson의 상관분석, AMOS 22.0 프로그램을 사용하였고, 본 연구에서 검증된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 형제구성에 따른 형제관계와 성별에 따른 또래애착은 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 성별에 따른 학교생활적응은 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 형제구성에 따른 형제관계는 동성과 이성에 따라 평균이 다르게 나타났고, 여학생이 여자형제를 가진 경우가 남학생이 남자형제를 가진 경우보다 평균이 높았다. 성별에 따른 또래애착은 여학생이 남학생보다 평균이 높게 나타났고, 성별에 따른 학교생활적응은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 형제관계, 또래애착, 학교생활적응간에 유의한 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 형제관계와 학교생활적응은 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 나타내었고, 형제관계는 또래애착에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 또래애착은 학교생활적응에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 또래애착은 중학생의 형제관계와 학교생활적응의 관계에서 부분매개를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 형제관계가 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향에서 연구모형의 각 경로계수들을 살펴본 결과, 형제관계에서 또래애착으로 가는 경로가 정적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났으며 또래애착이 학교생활적응으로 가는 경로도 정적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 형제관계가 긍정적으로 형성되었을수록 또래애착이 잘 형성되며 학교생활적응에도 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 중학생의 형제관계가 직접적으로 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향보다 또래애착을 매개로 하였을 때 학교생활적응에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 한계와 향후 연구에 대한 제언 등을 논의하였다.