Bacillus sp.가 생성하는 β-1, 3-Glucanase에 관한 硏究

김기남 동아대학교 1997 국내박사

토양에서 β-1,3-glucanase(E.C.3.2.1.39)를 생성할 수 있는 bacterium을 분리하여, Bacillus 속으로 동정하였다. 효소 생성에 대한 배지의 구성과 배양조건의 효과를 검토한 결과, 실험한 탄소원 중 curdlan(β-1,3-glucan)이 효소 생성에 가장 효과적이였으며, mono-와 disaccharides는 일반적으로 효과가 없었다. 그러므로, 이 효소는 탄소원으로 β-1,3-g1ucan에 의해서만 유도되어 지는 것으로 보이며, 효소 생성을 위한 curdlan의 최적 농도는 7.5%였다. 또한 질소원으로는 여러 질소원들 중 baker's yeast cell에 의해 가장 높게 유도되었으며, 배양 배지에서 glucose의 존재에 의해 효소 합성이 억제되는 catabolite repression 현상도 나타났다. 1%의 yeast extract와 2%의 peptone에 7.5%의 baker's yeast나 5%의 curdlan을 각각 포함한 효소 생성 유도 배지를 이용하여 미생물의 배양 조건을 검토한 결과, 분리된 Bacillus sp.는 32 ℃, pH 6.0에서 최고의 효소 생성을 나타내었다. 토양에서 분리된 Bacillus sp.로부터 생성된 β-1,3-glucanase는 ethanol침전, Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration과 DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography에 의해 부분적으로 정제되었으며, 그 정제율은 35배였고, 수율은 36.6%였다. 본 효소는 여러 탄수화물들 중에서 β-1,3-glucan인 laminarin과 curdlan만을 기질로 사용하였으며, 최종 생성물이 oligosaccharide인 것으로 보아 반응 형태는 endo-type일 것으로 추정된다. 효소의 생화학적 특성은 두 기질에 대해 일치하는 결과를 나타내었다. 효소 활성의 최적 pH는 5.0, 최적 온도는 55℃로 나타났으며, 효소의 활성화 에너지(Ea) 값은 laminarin과 curdlan을 기질로 했을 때, 4.74 kcal/mol과 5.28 kcal/mol이었다. 효소는 pH 4.0에서 7.0사애의 범위에서 가장 안정하였으며, 온도는 40℃까지는 안정하였으나, 55℃에서 10분간의 열처리에서는 완전히 불활성화되었다. 효소적 열안정성에서 CaCl₂를 첨가했을 때, 그 안정성이 훨씬 증가하였다. Laminarin과 curdlan을 기질로 한 효소의 Michaelis-Menten상수는 각각 4.76mg/mL와 15.15mg/mL였다. 그리고, Fe^(2+)와 Cu^(2+)같은 금속 이온에 의해 효소 활성이 저해되었으며, EDTA첨가서 Fe^(2+)와 Cu^(2+)에 의한 저해가 회복되는 경향을 보였다. N-Bromosuccinimide도 효소 활성을 강력하게 저해하였으며, 반면 solfhydryl시약은 효소 활성을 촉진시켰다. Bacillus sp.으로부터 생성된 β-1,3-glucanase의 효모 세포벽 용해는 cup-plate test를 통해 확인되었다. Baker's yeast cell의 현탁액에 dithiothreitol과 β~mercaptoethanol을 첨가했을 매, 그 용해율이 증가하였으며, 생효모(Saccharomyces cereuisiae) 세포벽 용해의 조건으로는 dithiothreitol첨가시, 최적 pH는pH 6.0, 최적 온도는 50℃였다. A bacterium capable to produce β-1,3-glucanase(E.C.3.2.1.39) was from soil and identified as a strain of Bacillus sp. The effects of medium compositions and culture condition on β-l,3-glucanase production from Bacillus sp. were investigated. Among tested carbon sources, curdlan(β-1,3-glucan) was the most effective for production of the enzyme, whereas mono- and di-saccharides were generally ineffective. Therefore the enzyme seems to be induced when β-1,3-glucan was used as the sole carbon source. The optimum concentration of curdlan for the enzyme production was found to be 7.5%. Among tested nitrogen sources, baker's yeast cell was the best for the enzyme production. The enzyme seems to be repressed by the presence of glucose. The effect of the culture condition on β-1,3-glucanase production from Bacillus sp. was investigated. The enzyme was maximally produced by cultivating the organism at medium of initial pH 6.0 at 32℃. The β-1,3-glucanase was partially purified by ethanol precipitation, Sephacryl S -200 gel filtration and DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography. The enzyme was purified 35-fold and yielded 36.6%. Among the various carbohydrates tested the enzyme used only laminarin and curdlan as a substrate. 'The final product of enzyme reaction was identified as oligosaccharide, therefore the mode of the enzyme action seems to be an endo β-1,3-glucanase of a oligosaccharide-producing type. e biochemical characterization of the enzyme has similar results on two substrates. The optimum pH and temperature on the enzyme activity were 4.5 and 55℃, respectively. The activation energy of enzyme was identified as 4.74 kcal/mol for larninarin and 5.28 kcal/mol for curdlan, respectively. The enzyme was stable at pH ranges from 4.0 to 7.0, and completely inactivated when incubated above 55℃ . The thermostability of the β-1,3-glucanase treated with CaCl_(2) was increased to a greater extent. The K, values of the enzyme for laminarin and curdlan were determined to be 4.76 and 15.15 mg/mL, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by metal ions such as Fe^(2+) and Cu^(2+), while enzyme activity was recovered from the inhibition of Fe^(2+) and Cu^(2+) by the addition of EDTA. Tryptophan specific reagent, N-bromosuccinimide(NBS), completely inactivated the enzyme, whereas sulfhydryl reagents increased the enzyme activity slightly. Lytic activity of the β-1,3-glucanase from Bacillus sp. was determined by observing clear zone in an agar plate with viable yeast cell (cup-plate test). The addition of dithiothreitol and β-mercaptoethanol to the baker's yeast cell suspension enhanced the lytic activity of the enzyme. The optimal pH and temperature for the lysis of viable yeast cells were identified as pH 6.0 and 50℃, respectively.

주택재개발정비사업의 조합원유형에 따른 단계별 전매특성 연구 : 용산구 주택재개발사업구역을 대상으로

김기남 서울시립대학교 2011 국내박사

In Korea, to solve the insufficient housing problems, which has been caused from the civilization and industrialization process since 1970’s, the policy to provide the massive quantity of houses has been implemented, which resulted in relieving the lacking problems substantially. However, the quality level of housing has been lowered according to the elevation of the conscious needs for the urban environment, such as urban function recovery, the expansion of housing provision through house-renovation, and the promotion of the public benefits in the low-income class. In other words, the deterioration of the residential environmental quality has been caused according to high-density development with relieving the standard of parking lot, building height, and the right to have sunlight and the small scale-oriented housing supply to supply the large amount of houses in the urban area. In addition, as the houses has been early superannuated comparing its life expectancy with the reason of the lack of understanding systematic maintenance, reparation, management of residents and manager and relative obsoleteness of construction technology at that time of industrialization and civilization, the systematic and efficient management and maintenance has been required for massively supplied houses in previous with the serious conditions of residential environment, such as heating, drainage pipes, water and sewage. The paradigm of the recent city planning has been to emphasize the importance of city regeneration with the reason of the waste of energy and resources which has been caused by remote commutation and transportation by past development-oriented quantity expansion, the social problems, such as the increase of stuffy traffic jam, air pollution, the crime, and unemployment rates, retardance of urban vitality, the decline of the city competitiveness, the destruction of nature resources by the inefficient use of land, urban crater phenomenon and loss of self-sufficiency function. Through these city regeneration, the prevention of undiscriminating proliferation of Metropolitan districts, the prevention of urban declination, and return of population and industry to urban district has been expected, and the housing reconstruction projects, urban environment improvement project, residential environment enhancement project, housing redevelopment project have gained a momentum through “the urban and residence environment enhancement Act“ with realizing the necessity of the expansion of urban redevelopment, housing redevelopment project. In addition,”The urban reinforcement promotion Act”has been enacted with necessity of Metropolitan-levelled enhancement. The importance of harmonizing publicness and its feasibility has been emphasized by the change from the new development of outer urban to the space reinforcement inside the city. In the housing redevelopment project, which has been implemented according to this, the resettlement of the members of the association it the same district even after completing the redevelopment is shown to reach 20~30%. However, as these research has considered the standard of initial members as the point of association establishment approval, with the periodical range from the point of the association establishment approval to the point of management disposal approval, and regulated the resettlement at the point of the management disposal approval, it can not be applied in reality. In this study, classified by all the phases of redevelopment from basic designing to moving-in and by types of members such as non-approved members and approved members, the sale property according to the types of members and the moving-in property has been confirmed and the problems of the existing definition of resettlement rates has been proposed with considering the resettlement rates for each projects phases. The purposes of this study are: firstly, reviewing the existing study. Secondly, collecting the related data to business sites, introduction and changes, concepts, types, implementing procedures of the reinforcement projects through the theoretical consideration of housing redevelopment projects. Thirdly, arranging the moving-in rates, resettlement rates, and sale properties according to the types of members comprehensively. The study result is: Firstly, although more resale have been traded for approved members than for non-approved members for each projects proceeding steps according to the types of members in the housing redevelopment reinforcement projects, no significant differences has not been shown. However, the approved members has not shown a big difference between self-moving in and renting for the types of moving-in, with regardless of resale, while non-approved members has shown the big difference, which indicated that self-moving in is larger than renting, with regardless of resale. Secondly, seen the trading progress according to the projects promoting stages, the properties of approved members whose ownership of a lot is obvious to be acquisited has been sold over 79% before the association establishment approval, and for non-approved members, 55% has been sold in prior to the same approval. From post association establishment approval to the management disposal, the resale of approved members has shown lower than the resale of non-approved members. Thirdly, the resale property according to the differences in allotment ,considering between the members(collecting members) who should pay the allotment and the members(refund members) who can be paid back for the excessive amount after acquisition of the right, has shown the higher resale rate of the members who have to pay the collecting amount, among the approved members. Among the non-approved members, the trading of the members who should pay the allotment has shown higher. With the above results of the study, the resale properties, resettlement rates, and real moving-in rates has been acknowledged, and it is determined that it is helpful to realize the policy purpose and the purpose set through this results. Keyword : Enhancement Projects, Housing redevelopment project, Housing Option resale Property, Resettlement 우리나라는 1970년대 이후 산업화, 도시화 과정에서 발생한 주택 부족문제를 해결하기 위해 주택의 대량 공급정책을 시행하여 주택의 부족문제는 크게 완화되었으나, 도시 내 불량 주거지 정비의 필요성과 한계에 처한 도시의 기능회복, 주택 개량을 통한 주택공급의 확대, 저소득층의 복리증진 등 도시환경에 대한 의식 수준이 높아짐에 따라 주거의 질적 수준은 낮아지게 되었다. 다시 말하면, 도시내 주택의 대량 공급을 위해 소규모 위주의 주택공급과 주차장 기준, 일조권, 층고에 대한 기준의 완화로 고밀도 개발에 따른 주거환경의 질적 저하를 초래하게 되었고, 산업화, 도시화 당시 시공시술의 상대적 낙후 및 거주자, 관리자의 체계적인 유지, 보수, 관리에 대한 인식부족으로 주택이 내구연한보다 조기에 노후화 되어 난방이나 배관 상하수도 등 주거환경이 심각한 상태가 됨에 따라 당시 대량 공급된 주택들에 대한 체계적이고 효율적인 관리 및 정비가 필요하게 되었다. 최근의 도시계획의 패러다임은 과거 개발위주의 양적팽창에서 오는 원거리 통근 및 수송으로 인한 에너지 및 자원낭비, 교통혼잡 및 공해유발, 범죄와 실업률증가로 인한 도심부 지역에서의 사회문제, 도시활력 저하 및 도시경쟁력 쇠퇴, 토지의 비효율적인 이용에 따른 자연자원의 훼손, 도심공동화 및 도시 자족기능상실 등의 문제점으로 인해 도심재생의 중요성이 강조되기에 이르렀다. 이러한 도심재생을 통해 대도시지역의 무분별한 외부확산 방지, 도심부 쇠퇴 방지, 도심지역으로의 인구 및 산업의 회귀를 기대하게 되었으며, 이는 도심재개발, 주택재개발사업에 대한 확대 필요성에 대한 인식으로 ‘도시및주거환경정비법’을 통해 주택재개발사업, 주거환경개선사업, 도시환경정비사업, 주택재건축사업이 활력을 받게 되었으며, 또한 광역적 정비의 필요성에 의해 ‘도시재정비촉진법’이 제정되었다. 또한 도시외곽의 신개발에서 도시내부 공간의 정비로의 변화는 공공성과 사업성의 조화에 대한 중요성을 더욱 강조하게 되었다. 이에 따라 시행된 주택재개발사업은 재개발 완료된 후에도 동일한 지역내 재정착하는 조합원이 기존연구의 경우 20~30%에 이르는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 이러한 연구는 대부분 조합설립인가부터 관리처분인가시까지의 시간적 범위를 연구대상으로 하여 원조합원의 기준을 조합설립인가시점으로 확정하였고, 관리처분인가시 조합원을 재정착으로 규정하였기에 실질적이지 못한 면이 있었다. 이에 본 연구는 기본계획부터 입주시까지의 재개발의 모든 절차를 단계별로 구분하고 무허가조합원, 유허가조합원 조합원유형별로 구분하여 조합원의 유형별 전매특성, 입주특성의 확인과 사업단계별 재정착율을 고찰하여 재정착율의 정의에 대해 문제를 제기하였다. 연구의 목적 수행을 위해 첫째, 기존 연구내용을 검토하고, 둘째, 주택재개발사업의 이론적 고찰을 통해 정비사업의 개념․유형․시행절차, 도입 및 변천, 연구대상 사업지의 관련 자료를 취합하고, 셋째, 분석결과를 통해 조합원유형별 전매특성 및 재정착율, 입주율을 종합적으로 정리하였다. 연구의 결과 첫째, 주택재개발정비사업의 조합원의 유형에 따른 사업진행단계별 전매특성은 유허가조합원이 무허가조합원보다 많은 거래가 이루어지는 것으로 나타났으나, 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나, 입주구분에서는 유허가조합원은 전매여부와 관계없이 자가입주와 임대의 비율이 큰폭의 차이가 나타나지 않은데 반해, 무허가조합원의 경우는 거래유무와는 무관하지만 자가입주보다 임대가 많은 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 사업추진단계에 따른 거래추이를 보았을 때 분양권취득이 명확한 유허가조합원의 물건은 조합설립인가 이전에 70% 이상이 이미 전매되었고, 무허가조합원은 조합설립인가 이전에 55%가 전매되었다. 유허가조합원은 조합설립인가 이후 관리처분까지 기간은 유허가조합원이 무허가조합원보다 낮은 전매율을 보였다. 셋째, 부담금의 차이에 따른 전매특성은 부담금을 납부해야하는 조합원(징수조합원)과 재산가액으로 분양권을 취득한 후 가액이 남아서 돌려받는 조합원(환급조합원)을 파악하였을 때 유허가조합원 중 징수금액이 있는 조합원의 전매경향이 높은 것으로 판단된다. 무허가조합원 중에는 부담금을 납부해야 하는 조합원의 거래가 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 위의 연구결과를 통해 조합원유형별 전매특성과 재정착율, 실입주비율 등을 파악하였으며, 이러한 결과를 통해 정책의 목적 실현과 목표설정에 도움이 될 것으로 판단한다.

「오리가미(折り紙)」활용을 통해서 본 일본 문화 교육 활동

김기남 부산외국어대학교 2012 국내석사

A basic purpose to learn a foreign language is to communicate with a person who speaks the foreign language. But, speaking, listening, reading and writing a foreign language is not a sufficient condition to understand the foreign language fully. Language can not exist without the culture which is the background of the language. So, foreign language learners must be taught cultures of the foreign country as well as its language. The same applies to Japanese. Japanese learners must also learn Japanese cultures. I try to study 'Origami' which is one of the Japanese traditional entertainments and has been actively applied in many fields including education until the present. I study Origami's historical origin, characteristics and development process up to the present and also study educational activities of Japanese cultures by analyzing Origami's characteristics and effects. We may remember the childhood when we used to scissor a sheet of an old calender to fold a paper airplane or morning glory in the afternoon waiting for mom who went to the market. And we have ever experienced to fly a paper airplane or to float a paper ship in the childhood. We may have ever folded paper cranes. Who folded a paper crane for the first time? 「折り紙」 is Origami in English. While the paper was invented in China at first, Origami is the official world record of paper folding because Origami has been developed in Japan more than in China. In this study, it is shown that Origami is not a simple educational materials of kindergartens or a toy in daily life but it is one of the Japanese traditional cultures which have been succeeded from Edo dynasty with long history. Origami has been developed not only in Japan but also in many countries with its various systematic forms up to the present not like other traditional cultures which have been barely kept. The reason why Origami has been developed and studied in various methods is an educational effect which can be obtained experientially by arousing interest. And it could be also popularized easily because of its materials of paper which can be obtained in daily life. Geometrically developed Origami has been directly applied to engineering and also applied to the filed of arts as an instinctive art activities in and around Japan, where many professional artists who are leading the popularization have been produced. In the field of education, Origami has been most actively used for infants as a basic creative education. In addition, it has been used as a program curing inattentive children and educating adults to develop cognitive ability. The effects of Origami from a basic creative education to the special educational filed of art therapy are verified in this study. In Japan which is the birthplace of Origami, it has been used in many schools as an educational program to develop children's creativity. And many specialists of Origami have studied and worked in and out Japan and are promoting various programs through magazines and books. In education of Japanese, we must not regard culture and language as something in isolation. It may be fairly said that we learn language to understand its culture. For a learner's right acception of culture, a right education of Japanese need to be made. In learning foreign language, knowing cultural background of its country can be helpful not only to understand the foreign country but also to achieve an will to learn equivalent language. Japanese movies, songs and dramas are good teachers to learn Japanese. Through them we can also understand Japanese popular culture. In addition it is necessary to learn Japanese traditional culture such as Origami to understand Japanese culture more. There are many teaching methods for Japanese education but Origami can be utilized as a very effective educational materials with its linguistic effect and effects of improvement of creativity and perceptive ability as well as understanding of Japanese culture. Learners and teachers will be satisfied with Origami education at the same time. I am looking forward Japanese teaching materials utilizing Origami's merit adding playing to education to be developed. And I try to set the theoretical background of Origami in this study.

SQL, PHP를 활용한 웹기반 갈등관리시스템 설계 및 구현

김기남 동아대학교 산업정보대학원 2010 국내석사

1990년대부터 정비기반시설은 양호하나 노후·불량건축물이 밀집한 지역에서 주거환경을 개선하여 주거생활의 질을 높이기 위하여 공동주택 재건축사업이 실시되었다. 그러나 공동주택 재건축사업 진행과정에서 조합, 시 공사, 행정관청, 도시정비사업자 등 사업주체 상호간의 갈등이 빈번하게 발생하고, 그 결과 사업기간이 연장되어 막대한 사회적 비용 손실을 초래하고 있다. 재건축사업은 사업 추진과정에서 갈등이 발생하였을 경우 갈등관리에 대한 정보의 부족과 예측 프로그램의 부재로 인해 갈등을 해결하는데 많은 어려움을 겪고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 비전문가 집단으로 이루어진 재건축사업 주체에게 재건축사업의 정보 및 갈등관리 정보를 제공하고, 동시에 갈등영향평가를 실시할 수 있도록 하는 체계적인 갈등관리시스템이 필요하다. 또한 재건축사업의 주체들이 시간과 공간의 제약 없이 실시간으로 접근 가능한 웹 기반 갈등관리시스템의 구축이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 다양한 계층 및 비전문가 집단으로 구성된 공동주택 재건축사업의 주체들이 갈등정보를 쉽게 획득할 수 있고, 등록·공유할 수 있는 웹 기반 갈등관리시스템을 구현하는데 목적이 있다. 갈등관리시스템은 MYSQL, PHP, GD Library 등 정보기술을 활용하여 재건축사업 주체의 갈등정보를 수집하고, 갈등관리 정보를 제공하며 사업주체들의 접근이 용이 하도록 구현하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 재건축사업의 갈등관리 정보를 제공해 줄 수 있는 일 방향 시스템을 구현하여 재건축사업 주체에게 제공되는 정보제공의 범위와 체계를 수립하였다. (2) 재건축사업의 주체를 통해 갈등정보를 수집하고, 수집된 정보를 가공하여 갈등관리 정보를 도출할 수 있는 양방향시스템과 갈등영향평가시스템을 구현하였다. (3) 웹 기반 갈등관리시스템을 구현하기 위해 요구되는 제반 정보기술사항을 사용자 측면의 정보 흐름과 시스템 측면의 객체지향적 정보 흐름으로 구분하여 구축하였다. 또한 재건축사업 주체가 등록한 실적데이터를 이용하여 재건축사업 주체에게 신뢰성 있는 정보를 제공함으로써 체계적이고 합리적인 갈등관리 모델을 제시하였다. (4) 현행 개별적으로 운영되고 있는 재건축관련 웹 시스템과 차별화하여 모든 재건축사업의 주체가 갈등관리시스템을 통해 질의하고 답변을 얻을 수 있는 양방향시스템을 구현함으로써 재건축사업의 커뮤니케이션을 형성하는 모델을 제시하였다. (5) 웹 기반 갈등관리시스템의 실시간 활용 성을 증대시키기 위한 방안으로 스마트 폰 어플리케이션으로의 개발 활용 방안을 제시하였다. Since 1990s, apartment reconstruction project have been implemented to improve residential environment and enhance life of quality in the districts where are deteriorated residential area. But these reconstruction projects caused conflict between the bodies of the project and loss of social cost on account of various reasons such conflicts between members of the reconstruction association, the member and tenant, the member and the committee, and the member and construction company. There are lots of difficulties to resolve the conflict in the process of reconstruction projects because of lack of the information about the conflict management and absence of the predictable program when the conflict occurs. Accordingly, the information of reconstruction and conflict management should be given to the reconstruction parties that is organized by laymen, and the parties need organized conflict management system for the conflict impact assessment. Web-based conflict management system that can be accessed in real time without any limit of time and space should be established for the parties of reconstruction project. Therefore, this study is aimed to implement web-based conflict management system to help the parties organized by various classes and group of laymen ,obtain and share the information about the conflict. Conflict management system collects the information about conflict between the parties using IT such MYSQL, PHP and GD Library, and is implemented to easily access for the parties. The result of this study is as follows. (1) The rage and system of providing information are established by implementation of one-way system to give information of the conflict management. (2) The conflict information is collected by the parties, and two-way system and conflict impact assessment system finding out information about conflict management are implemented. (3) The information technology to implement web-based conflict management system is established by sorting into user-focused information flow and individual information flow. Besides, systematic and logical conflict management system model is presented by providing reliable information using actual data registered by the parties in this study. (4) This study presents the model making communication by question and answer of the parties through the system, and it is differentiated from the previous web-based systems. (5) Development of smart phone application is presented to improve real-time use of web-based conflict management system.

게욱을 첨가한 과편 제조의 최적조건에 관한 연구

김기남 경기대학교 대학원 2018 국내석사

최근 세계화 의식의 고조와 급격한 경제성장으로 국민소득이 향상되면서 서구화된 식생활로 영양과다와 불균형으로부터 각종 질병에 노출되어있다. 이에 따라 건강에 대한 관심과 수요가 증가하고 건강기능성 식품이 건강증진 및 유지에 도움이 되는 것이 밝혀지면서 건강을 주시하는 소비자들이 이러한 건강기능성 식품에 대한 관심이 늘어나는 추세로 소비자들은 식품선택에 있어 식품첨가물에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 게욱은 β-carotene과 lycopene이 풍부하다고 알려져 있으며 비타민E와 같은 영양소도 함유되어 있다. 최근 연구에 의하면 게욱의 씨껍질에 함유된 β-carotene은 감자나 당근보다 10배, 항산화 물질인 lycopene의 함량은 토마토보다 70배 이상이라고 보고되고 있다. 따라서 뛰어난 영양소를 지닌 게욱을 이용한 기능성 과편을 제조하고자 게욱을 첨가한 게욱과편의 품질특성 분석과 관능특성의 최적화를 통해 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 게욱을 첨가한 과편의 최적화 제조 조건을 도출해내었다. 게욱과편의 최적비를 산출하고자 본 연구에서는 Design Expert 10 (Stat-Easy Co, Minneapolis, MN, USA)program을 통해 관능검사 실험을 설계하였으며, 단맛(sweetness), 짠맛(salty taste), 향미(flavor), 외관(appearance), 색(color), 질감(texture), 전체적인 선호도(overall preference)로 실험을 진행하였다. 위의 변수를 종속변수로 하여 게욱과 설탕을 독립변수로 설정, 중심합성계획법으로 분석하였다. 분석한 자료를 바탕으로 수치적 최적화와 모형적 최적화를 구해 독립변수의 양이 설정되었고 지점예측을 통하여 게욱과편의 최적점을 선정하였다. 최적 배합비의 게욱과편은 게욱 63.533g, 설탕 155.76g, 소금 10g, 녹두녹말 30g, 생수 200g이며, 종속변수인 단맛 5.97, 짠맛 5.79, 향미 5.82, 외관 5.95, 색 5.93, 질감 5.91, 전체적인 선호도 5.73의 값이 도출되었다. 항산화 연구에서 DPPH radical 소거능과 Total polyphenol함량 모두 대조군에 비해 실험군에서 유의적인 영향이 있다는 점을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 게욱이 가진 천연색소의 다양한 생리활성을 알고 새로운 작물 재배농가의 소득증대와 제품 개발에 기여하고 우리나라 전통한과 본연의 색을 표현하면서 영양적으로 우수한 과편을 제공할 것으로 사료된다. As the globalization and the economic growth are on the increase rapidly, the national income has increased a lot in Korea and got more exposed to the Western style diet, thus causing the overdose of nutrients and various disease. Accordingly, people get more interested in the health and the health supplements and they found that the health supplements are helpful in improving and keeping the health. So, the consumers get more interested in the food additives in their selection of food. The geuk is known to be rich in β-carotene and lycopene. It also contains the nutrients like vitamin E. The latest research shows that the seed skin of geuk has 10 times more β-carotene than that in potation or carrot while it has more than 70 times the lycopene. or an antioxidant, than that in the tomato. Accordingly, this study is designed to produce functional fruit jelly using the geuk which has excellent nutrients. The optimal production conditions of the fruit jelly containing the geuk was obtained using the response surface design through the analysis of the quality characteristics and sensory characteristics of geuk. The sensory test was designed through the Design Expert 10 (Stat-Easy Co, Minneapolis, MN, USA) program to obtain the optimal ratio of geuk jelly and the test was conducted with the sweetness, salty taste, flavor, appearance, color, texture and overall preference. With the variables above set as the dependent variables and the volume of geuk and sugar set as independent variables, the analysis was conducted using the central composite design. Based on the analyzed data, the numerical optimization and model optimization were obtained and then the volume of independent variables was set. Through the point prediction, the optimal point of geuk was set. The optimal mixture ratio for the geuk jelly is as follows; 63.533g of geuk, 155.76g of sugar, 10g of salt, 30g of bean starch, 200g of mineral water. Also, the values of dependent variables such as sweetness 5.97, salty taste 5.79, flavor 5.82, appearance 5.95, color 5.93, texture 5.91 and overall preference 5.73 were obtained. The study on the anti-oxidation shows that the test group has significant effect on the scavenging ability of DPPH radical and total polyphenol volume than the control group. This study is expected to help people to understand the various physiological vitality of the natural dye which is contained in geuk and contribute to the framer’s income and the development of product. It will also provide the fruit jelly which has excellent nutrient while expressing the Korea’s traditional sweets and cookies and their colors.

동·서양의 겹 리드악기의 발전과 역사적 고찰

김기남 충남대학교 교육대학원 2004 국내석사

The history of double reed instruments starts with an ancient instrument played with double reeds in one or a couple of pipes. The double reeds were called aulos in Greece; they were, halil(very similar to aulos) in Israel and its neighboring areas; developed into an instrument, tibia, in Rome. In the Renaissance Age, a shawm, which appeared a double reed instrument in the Middle Ages, was much more popular and developed. Also, it was one of the instruments preferred by people even in the Baroque Period. Particularly, a shawm had a bell making the sound of its tune bigger; the Renaissance shawm was various in size for compass - from soprano to bass. Also, there are a variety of shawms like cromhorn, racket, and rauschfeife, etc. Also they were transformed from shawms and played for many centuries. In Europe and the Middle East, over several centuries, bagpipes have been developed whose air-bags store air and whose reeds make sound. By the way, bagpipes discovered in some regions have single reed; however, generally most of them have double reed. As for the European double reed instrument history, various shawm-style instruments had been developed through the Baroque Age; today, they have changed into unique instruments like oboe and bassoon, which play central roles in a modern orchestral music. The Oriental double reed instruments, almost like shawm popularized in the middle-age Europe, have been handed down until today as a traditional instrument: suona in China, shaenai in India and ryga-gling in Tibet so forth. Likewise, according to oriental countries, the double reeds have various names and are different in terms of their size and shape; however, they still exist as a unique folk instrument of melody for traditional music in all the countries. Moreover, they are used as an essential folk-music instrument until today. On the other hand, Japanese people play haciriky, like the Korean piri, in their folk music. Korea has the double reeds such as shaenap and piri; shaenap named taepyungso is similar to shawms in Europe or suona in China and piri without a bell are divided, according to its size, into 3 ones each of which has a different tone: hyangpiri, sepiri, and dangpiri. The regional traits of each country, the study has concluded, determine the materials of the double reeds; also, the character and emotion of each people are a major source of their shape and mechanism. However, now oriental double reed instruments are limited only to traditional music; there was no improvement in the oriental double reeds whose shape remains old-fashioned.

폐교의 처분과 활용

김기남 경북대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

Many small scale elementary schools have been closed by a government policy of 1982, due to decreasing students caused by urban migration from rural areas, de-population of urban centers and low birthrate. There has been disagreement on disposal and use of the closed schools. Local residents had donated the school sites and offered their labors to build the schools. Government agencies of education, however, have the authority to make decisions on the schools. Therefore, conflicts between authority and local residents on disposal and use of the schools are almost inevitable. This thesis aims to identify the conflicts and suggest solutions. It discusses the alternatives of disposal: sale, lease, tearing down, or preservation. It also discusses the alternatives of utilization: operation, policy, public relation. These alternatives are evaluated by interview with government officials, local residents, current managers of the facilities changed from the closed schools. alumni and teachers. The thesis recommends that local residents assume active roles in management of the closed schools to promote appropriate use, even when they are sold or leased out and that the closed schools be used as open opportunities for enhancing community culture.

韓國호텔의 客室販賣促進에 관한 實證的 考察

김기남 명지대학교 1973 국내석사

영전류-전압 PWM 제어 기법을 이용한 벅 컨버터에 관한 연구

김기남 광운대학교 산업정보대학원 1997 국내석사

In a switching power supply the high frequency switching makes the passive components small, but the losses and the stresses of switches are increased by the switching frequency. Therefore, zero crossing switching technology using resonant is used to improve defect in high switching. In generally, zero crossing switching consists of Zero Current Switching(ZCS) and Zero Voltage Switching(ZVS). In ZCS, voltage and overlapped current are almost zero, and there are no switching losses. When the switch is off, surge voltage is reduced because resonant inductance L_γ absorbs the parasitic inductance in switch. In ZVS, voltage of switches resonated sinusoidally at off and for voltage of switch is trasient in zero and switching losses is zero. Parasitic inductance and capacitance are absorbed in resonant state. Surge current and surge voltage are removed at on transient and at off trasient respectively. however, ZCS and ZVS can ve occured that load and input voltage are matched in come conditions Therefore, it has used two switching technique to switch in the wide-load range and the high frequency. This paper proposes buck converter that uses new ZC-ZVS PWM control technique. Comparing with conventional ZVS PWM Converter, The proposed converter operates in the wide-load range. In hard load, this proposed converter operates like a conventional ZVS switching, but it operate like ZCS in light load. Simulation results using Pspice program about test circuit with rated 100W(20V, 5A) at 30KHz and experiment result under same condition were described in this paper. 국문요약 스위치 전원장치에서 고주파 스위칭을 함으로써 수동 소자들의 크기를 소형화시킬 수 있 는 반면에 스위칭 주파수가 높아질수록 스위치에서는 손실과 스트레스가 증가한다. 따라서, 고속 스위칭시 이러한 단점을 개선하기 위하여 공진을 이용한 제로 크로싱 스위칭 기법을 사용한다. 일반적으로 제로 크로싱 스위치 기법은 영전류 스위칭(Zero Current Switching, ZCS)과 영전압 스위칭(Zero Voltage Switching, ZVS)으로 구분된다. 영전류 스위칭시 전압과 중복되는 전류가 거의 0이므로 스위칭 손실이 거의 0이 된다. 또한, 스위치 내부의 기생 인덕턴스도 공진 인덕턴스 Lr에 흡수되므로 기생 인덕턴스에 의 한 off시 전압서지가 on · off 천이시 0점을 지나므로 스위칭 손실이 거의 0이다. 또한, 기생 인덕턴스 및 기생 캐패시턴스가 공진시 흡수되므로 on 천이시의 전류서지 및 off 천이시의 전압 서지가 제거된다. 그런데 영전류 스위칭과 영전압 스위칭은 부하와 입력전압이 어떤 조건에 만족할 경우에만 가능하다. 그러므로 넓은 부하 범위에서 높은 주파수로 스위칭하 기 위해서는 두 가지 스위칭 기법을 이용한 방법이 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 새로운 ZC-ZVS PWM제어 기법을 이용한 벅 컨버터를 제안한다. 기존의 ZVS PWM컨버터와 비교해 볼 때, 제안한 컨버터는 넓은 부하 범위에서 동작한다. 이것은 정격 최대부하에서 기존의 영전압 스위칭과 같이 동작하고 경부하에서는 영전류 스위칭과 같이 동작한다. 30KHz에서 100W(20V,5A)의 정격을 갖는 간단한 실험회로에 대해서 Pspice 를 이용한 시뮬레이션 결과와 같은 조건의 실험결과를 제시한다.

태권도 공연에 참여하는 시범단원의 다차원적 완벽주의가 팀 응집력, 운동 몰입 및 공연 성취도에 미치는 영향

김기남 경희대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to suggest the way that increases the level of team cohesiveness, exercise commitment, and performance achievement of demonstration team members who play a key role in taekwondo performances and to provide basic data for qualitative growth into a more complete taekwondo performance. This study is about how the multidimensional perfectionism of demonstration team members who participate in Taekwondo performances affects team cohesiveness, exercise commitment, and performance achievement. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, samples of adult taekwondo demonstration team members across the country who are participating in or have participated in taekwondo performances were collected through the convenience sampling method. A total of 450 copies of data were used for the final analysis, excluding 24 copies of the questionnaire with unfaithful or uniform responses in 474 copies. To analyze the collected data, PASW/WIN Ver. 25.0 program was used for Frequency Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Reliability Analysis, Independent Sample t-test, and One-way ANOVA. After that, among Post-hoc Test, Scheffe’s method was used for the detailed analysis. In addition, the relationship between the variables was analyzed by conducting Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis, and the result of this study is as follows. First, as a result of analyzing differences in multidimensional perfectionism, team cohesiveness, exercise commitment and performance achievement according to gender, significant differences were found in every factor. Second, as a result of analyzing differences in multidimensional perfectionism, team cohesiveness, exercise commitment and performance achievement according to the academic career, significant differences were found in every factor. Third, as a result of analyzing differences in multidimensional perfectionism, team cohesiveness, exercise commitment and performance achievement according to the performance career, significant differences were found in every factor. Fourth, as a result of analyzing differences in multidimensional perfectionism, team cohesiveness, exercise commitment and performance achievement according to the number of participation to taekwondo performance, there were significant differences in self-oriented perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism factors of multidimensional perfectionism. Among the factor of team cohesiveness, significant differences appeared in individual social cohesiveness. Furthermore, significant differences appeared in every factor of exercise commitment, and significant differences appeared in technical and psychological achievement factors of performance achievement. Fifth, as a result of analyzing differences in multidimensional perfectionism, team cohesiveness, exercise commitment and performance achievement according to the role in a taekwondo performance, there were significant differences in self-oriented perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism factors of multidimensional perfectionism. Among the factors of team cohesiveness, significant differences appeared in collective task cohesion, collective social cohesion, individual social cohesion. significant differences appeared in cognitive commitment factor of exercise commitment, also appeared in every factor of performance achievement. Sixth, as a result of analyzing differences in multidimensional perfectionism, team cohesiveness, exercise commitment and performance achievement according to there were significant differences in every factor of multidimensional perfectionism, exercise commitment and performance achievement. And significant differences appeared in collective task cohesiveness, collective social cohesiveness, individual task cohesiveness of team cohesiveness. Seventh, as a result of analyzing the effect of multidimensional perfectionism on team cohesiveness, it was found that self-oriented perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism factors had a positive effect on every factor of team cohesiveness and socially prescribed perfectionism factor had a negative effect on every factor of team cohesiveness. Eighth, as a result of analyzing the effect of multidimensional perfectionism on exercise commitment, it was found that self-oriented perfectionism factor had a positive effect on every factors of exercise commitment and socially prescribed perfectionism factor had a negative effect on every factor of exercise commitment. Ninth, as a result of analyzing the effect of multidimensional perfectionism on performance achievement, it was found that self-oriented perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism factors had a positive effect on every factor of performance achievement and socially prescribed perfectionism factor had a negative effect on every factor of performance achievement. Tenth, as a result of analyzing the effect of team cohesiveness on performance achievement, it was found that collective task cohesiveness, individual task cohesiveness, and individual society cohesiveness factors of team cohesiveness had a positive effect on technical achievement factor of performance achievement. And every factor of team cohesiveness had a positive effect on psychological and physical achievement factors of performance achievement. Eleventh, as a result of analyzing the effect of exercise commitment on performance achievement, it was found that every factor of exercise commitment had a positive effect on performance achievement. The conclusions and discussions derived from the research results are as follows. Demonstration team member with various tendencies performs tasks to achieve common goals as a team, not as individuals in the taekwondo performance. So, if the team leader manages not only individual attitudes but also attitudes toward others and teams based on the understanding of the multidimensional perfectionism tendencies of the demonstration members, it has been shown to have a positive effect on team cohesiveness and exercise commitment. After all, it has been shown to have a positive effect on performance achievement. Satisfaction with the performance due to these effects can lead to successful performance and continuous participation. Therefore, these factors are a major factor that helps in the qualitative growth of performances. So, the team leader and director of the taekwondo performance have to manage them appropriately. 본 연구는 태권도 공연에 참여하는 시범단원의 다차원적 완벽주의가 팀 응집력, 운동 몰입 및 공연성취도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 바탕으로 태권도 공연의 주 구성원이자 핵심적인 역할을 하는 시범단원의 팀 응집력, 운동 몰입, 공연성취도의 수준을 높이는 방안을 제시하고 이를 통해 보다 완성도 높은 태권도 공연으로의 질적 성장을 위한 기초적 자료를 제공하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 태권도 공연에 참여 중이거나, 참여해 본 경험이 있는 전국의 성인 태권도 시범단원을 대상으로 비확률적 표본추출방법(Nonprobability Sampling) 중 편의표본추출법(Convenience Sampling)을 통해 표본을 추출하였다. 총 474부의 설문지를 배부하여 이 중 응답이 불성실하거나 신뢰성이 떨어지는 24부를 제외하고 총 450부의 자료를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 이후 수집된 자료를 분석하기 위해 PASW/WIN Ver. 25.0 프로그램을 활용하여 빈도분석(Frequency Analysis), 탐색적 요인분석(Exploratory Factor Analysis), 신뢰도 분석(Reliability Analysis), 독립표본 t-검정(Independent Sample t-test), 일원 배치 분산분석(One-way ANOVA)을 시행한 뒤, 세부적으로 알아보기 위해 Scheffe의 사후분석 검증(Post-hoc Test) 방법을 활용하였다. 또한, 상관관계 분석(Correlation Analysis)과 다중회귀분석(Multiple Regression Analysis)을 시행하여 변인 간의 관계를 분석하였으며 도출된 결과들을 바탕으로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 성별에 따른 다차원적 완벽주의, 팀 응집력, 운동 몰입, 공연성취도의 차이를 분석한 결과 모든 요인에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 학력에 따른 다차원적 완벽주의, 팀 응집력, 운동 몰입, 공연성취도의 차이를 분석한 결과 모든 요인에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 공연 경력에 따른 다차원적 완벽주의, 팀 응집력, 운동 몰입, 공연성취도의 차이를 분석한 결과 모든 요인에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 넷째, 공연 횟수에 따른 다차원적 완벽주의, 팀 응집력, 운동 몰입, 공연성취도의 차이를 분석한 결과, 다차원적 완벽주의의 하위요인 중 자기지향적 완벽주의와 타인지향적 완벽주의에서 유의한 차이가 나타났고, 팀 응집력의 하위요인 중 개인사회 응집력에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 운동 몰입의 모든 하위요인에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 공연성취도의 하위요인 중 기술적 성취도와 심리적 성취도에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 다섯째, 역할에 따른 다차원적 완벽주의, 팀 응집력, 운동 몰입, 공연성취도의 차이를 분석한 결과, 다차원적 완벽주의의 하위요인 중 자기지향적 완벽주의와 타인지향적 완벽주의에서 유의한 차이가 나타났고, 팀 응집력의 하위요인 중 집단과제 응집력, 집단사회 응집력, 개인사회 응집력에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 운동 몰입의 하위요인 중 인지몰입에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 공연성취도에서는 모든 하위요인에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 여섯째, 보수에 따른 다차원적 완벽주의, 팀 응집력, 운동 몰입, 공연성취도의 차이를 분석한 결과, 다차원적 완벽주의, 운동 몰입, 공연성취도의 모든 하위요인에서 유의한 차이가 나타났고, 팀 응집력의 하위요인 중 집단과제 응집력, 집단사회 응집력, 개인과제 응집력에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 일곱 번째, 다차원적 완벽주의가 팀 응집력에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 다차원적 완벽주의의 하위 요인 중 자기지향적 완벽주의, 타인지향적 완벽주의 요인이 팀 응집력의 모든 하위요인에 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 사회부과적 완벽주의 요인은 팀 응집력의 모든 하위요인에 부(-)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여덟 번째, 다차원적 완벽주의가 운동 몰입에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 다차원적 완벽주의의 하위요인 중 자기지향적 완벽주의 요인이 운동 몰입의 모든 하위요인에 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 사회부과적 완벽주의 요인이 운동 몰입의 모든 하위요인에 부(-)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 아홉 번째, 다차원적 완벽주의가 공연성취도에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 다차원적 완벽주의의 하위요인 중 자기지향적 완벽주의, 타인지향적 완벽주의 요인이 공연성취도의 모든 하위요인에 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 사회부과적 완벽주의 요인은 공연성취도의 모든 하위요인에 부(-)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 열 번째, 팀 응집력이 공연성취도에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 공연성취도의 기술적 성취도에서 팀 응집력의 집단과제 응집력, 개인과제 응집력, 개인사회 응집력이 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 심리적 성취도와 신체적 성취도에서 팀 응집력의 모든 하위 요인이 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 열한 번째, 운동 몰입이 공연성취도에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 운동 몰입의 모든 하위요인이 공연성취도의 모든 하위요인에 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 종합해보면, 다양한 성향의 시범단원이 개인이 아닌 팀을 이루어 공통의 목표 달성을 위해 과제를 수행하는 태권도 공연 속에서, 시범단원의 다차원적 완벽주의 성향을 통하여 개인에 대한 태도뿐만 아니라 타인과 팀에 대한 태도의 변화를 관리하여 준다면 팀 응집력과 운동 몰입에 긍정적인 영향을 미치게 되고, 결과적으로 공연성취도에도 긍정적인 영향을 미치게 되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 영향은 공연에 대한 만족감을 통해 성공적인 공연수행과 더불어 지속적인 참여를 유도함으로써 공연의 질적 성장에 도움이 되는 중요한 요소라 할 수 있으므로, 태권도 공연을 수행하는 과정 속에서 지도자 및 연출자들은 시범단원의 성향을 파악하여 관리해주어야 할 것이다.