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Many companies are interested in brand as a non-price competitive side to overcome limitation of differentiating physical dimension and to cope with consumption patterns, especially, in brand extension strategy. Existing studies on consumer's psychological factors have dealt with consumer's knowledge, involvement, etc. for brand, but this study introduced the types of involvement in the established theory of similarity and brand concept consistency. In the verification of the first hypothesis, respondents preferred that a functional concept brand is extended to function oriented product to that the brand is extended to symbol oriented product. Also they preferred that a symbolic concept brand is extended to symbol oriented product to that the brand is extended to function oriented product. For the second hypothesis, this paper classified involvement into symbolic involvement and functional involvement according to characteristics of the product itself and an individual's nature which are preceding factors deriving from the types of involvement and tried to examine the difference between groups in evaluating brand extension, subdividing respondents. The result showed that the preference of functional involvement group is higher than that of symbolic involvement group when a functional concept brand is extended to function oriented product, and also the preference of symbolic involvement group is higher than that of functional involvement group when a symbolic concept brand is extended to symbol oriented product. Ultimately, this dissertation enables men of business to evaluate more detailed brand extension with market segmentation according to the types of involvement, presenting how to manage the market if consumers' types of involvement are different even in the same product. But the limitation this dissertation has are, first, consumers were divided with only one product according to the types of involvement. Second, definite establishment of the variables(the types of involvement) left something to be desired in the model of evaluation on brand extension. Finally, other variables should be included in addition to the preceding factors of the types of involvement.
신자유주의에 대한 가톨릭교회의 입장과 건전한 경제를 위한 교회의 역할
최치원 부산가톨릭대학교 대학원 2010 국내석사
1997년 겨울, 한국은 IMF라는 커다란 금융위기에 빠져들었다. 그 결과 한국은 본질적인 영ㆍ미식 신자유주의 시스템으로 주조되었다. 모든 것을 시장경제에 맡기고 경쟁을 하면 효율적으로 경제성장이 이루어진다는 시장 경제적 논리나 원칙은 경제영역에만 국한되지 않고 사회의 제반 영역으로 확장되었다. 그 결과 모든 분야가 무한경쟁이라는 ‘생존의 전쟁터’로 내몰려졌고 그 경쟁에서 낙오된 이들은 열등한 자들로 희생되었다. 또 돈을 벌기 위해서는 수단과 방법이 도덕적으로 옳지 못하다고 하더라도 어쩔 수 없이 선택할 수밖에 없다는 도덕적 무감각이 사회 전반을 이끌어 가고 있다. 이렇게 ‘신자유주의 경제체제’는 시장에 대한 절대적인 믿음과 무한경쟁으로 인한 적자생존의 논리로 우리의 생존을 위협하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 우리의 의식까지도 조종하고 있다. 하지만 신자유주의 경제체제가 우리에게 요구하는 삶이 ‘과연 정당한 것인지’, 시장에 대한 절대적인 믿음과 무한경쟁으로 인한 적자생존의 논리가 ‘우리를 행복하게 하는지’, ‘경제체제는 무엇(누구)을 위한 것’인지 물어야 한다. 특히 가진자는 더욱 강하게 되고 가난한 이는 더욱 소외되는 현실 앞에 선 그리스도인으로서 이러한 체제가 과연 복음적인지, 교회의 입장은 어떤 것이며 어떠해야 할지 점검해 보지 않을 수 없다. 교회도 역사적ㆍ사회적 실재로서, 경제문제에서 자유로울 수 없기 때문이기도 하지만 사람들에게 하느님의 구원을 중재하고 세상에 그리스도의 복음을 선포해야 할 교회가 불의한 경제적 현실에 눈을 감을 수 없기 때문이다. 따라서 희망을 잃어버린 사람들에게 다시 참된 희망을 불러일으키기 위해 신학적 차원과 실천적 차원에서 경제문제에 대한 복음적 판단과 실천을 이끌어내야 한다. 연구의 방법과 범위는 본 논문의 방법론은 사회교리가 추구하는 ‘보고, 판단하고, 행동하기’라는 연구방법을 택하였다. 신자유주의라는 경제체제를 살펴보는 데에서 시작하여(본다) 가톨릭교회는 신자유주의를 어떻게 인식하고 있으며 어떻게 판단하고 평가를 내리고 있는지 살펴본 다음(판단한다) 마지막으로 신자유주의를 넘어서 건전한 경제를 위한 교회의 역할을 찾아보고자 한다.(행동한다) 1장에서는 신자유주의 이론에 대해서 살펴보았다. 신자유주의의 사상적 기원은 ‘자유주의’이다. 경제 사상적 자유주의는 1776년 출간된 아담 스미스(Adam Smith, 1723-1790)의 『국부론』이 출발점을 제공하였다. 스미스는 시장에 대한 정부의 개입은 경제발전에 역효과를 가져올 뿐만 아니라 불필요하다고 주장한다. 이러한 아담 스미스의 사상을 신자유주의와 구별하여 ‘고전적 자유주의’라고 한다. 이후 경제적 자유주의는 자본주의의 요구와 맞물려 역사 안에서 여러 사상가들에 의해 다양한 이론들로 변형되고 발전 되었다. 자본주의 경제학의 흐름을 살펴보면, 아담 스미스 이래로 1930년대까지 자유주의 사상이 경제학에서 지배적 위치를 차지했다. 그러나 1930년대, 세계는 대공황을 겪으면서 자유방임에 의해서는 경제가 회복될 수 없음을 경험하게 되었다. 이를 계기로 경제활동에서 정부의 역할이 절대적으로 필요함을 강조한 존 메이너드 케인즈(John Maynard Keynes, 1883-1946)의 경제학이 등장한다. 이른바 ‘케인즈 혁명’으로 불리는 그의 처방에 의하여 세계 경제는 대공황으로부터 탈출하였고, 1960년대 말까지 역사상 유래가 없는 눈부신 경제적 발전을 이루게 된다. 하지만 1970년대 초에 발생한 석유파동으로 원유가격과 원자재 가격이 급격히 상승하게 되었다. 결국 세계 경제는 ‘경기침체 속에 물가가 상승’하는 소위 스태그플레이션이라는 현상을 겪게 된다. 이로 인해 케인즈 경제학은 그 힘을 잃게 되었고 새로운 자유주의 사상(신자유주의)이 대두되었다. 이때부터 ‘시장에 대한 절대적 믿음’이라는 프리드리히 하이에크(Friedrich August von Hayek, 1899-1992)의 경제이론이 각광을 받기 시작했다. 이렇게 신자유주의는 경제학 이론으로서 우세를 차지한 뒤 곧바로 영미권의 경제정책에 도입되었다. 1979년 영국의 ‘대처리즘(Thatcherism)’과 1980년 미국의 ‘레이거노믹스(Reaganomics)’로 불리는 경제정책이 그것이다. 1970-80년대 재정위기에 처한 영국과 미국을 이끌던 두 지도자는 하이에크의 신자유주의 경제이론을 적극적으로 도입함으로서 세계경제를 신자유주의화 하는데 큰 몫을 해 내었다. 이처럼 신자유주의는 세계자본주의 중심부로부터 출발하여 점차 세계로 확산되어 세계경제의 중심 이론으로 자리 잡게 된다. 80년대 말, 동구의 사회주의 체제가 붕괴되고 세계경제가 자본주의 경제로 급속히 재편되면서 신자유주의 논리는 국제금융체제와 국제생산체계에 의해 한층 더 강화되고 있다. ‘자본의 금융화’는 세계화된 신자유주의 체제를 특징짓는 가장 중요한 양상이다. 현재 금융자본은 사상 유례없는 규모로 국민국가의 경계를 넘어서서 자유롭게 이동할 수 있게 되었다. 금융 자유화로 인한 대표적인 폐해는 ‘금융자본의 투기’로 인한 ‘국제적 금융 위기’이다. 실제로 1994년 멕시코 위기, 19
The anatomy and distribution of the superficial temporal vessels have been well documented as regular patterns through various investigations. The temporal region including the temporalis muscle, fascia and hair bearing scalp have been used as good source of pedicled flap or free flap. However almost studies of the anatomy and distribution of the superficial temporal vessels were based on the study of cadaver. From December 1997 to June 2001, the author measured the distribution, branching and diameters of superficial temporal vessels on 18 cases who underwent reconstructive surgery using these vessels in the operative field. The results were obtained as follows. 1. In 17 cases, the STV runs posterior to the STA at the level of the upper border of the zygomatic arch. 2. In the branching of vessels, there was no frontal or parietal branch in 2 cases and vena comitante was existing along the STA in one case. 3. In the distance between the STA and the STV at the base of ear helix, it ranged from 2 mm to 28 mm (average 13 mm). 4. In the vertical distance from the upper border of the zygomatic arch to the point of bifurcation, it ranged from 10 mm to 45 mm (average 29 mm). 5. In the external diameter of the STA and the STV at the lower border of the zygomatic arch, it ranged from 1.5 mm to 3.0 mm (average 2.2 mm) in the STA and it ranged from 1.3 mm to 3.0 mm (average 2.2 mm) in the STV. 6. In the external diameter of the frontal and the parietal branch of the STA just above the bifurcation, it ranged from 0.7 mm to 2.0 mm (average 1.4 mm) in frontal branch and ranged from 0.7 mm to 2.1 mm (average 1.2 mm) in parietal branch. 7. The author used color doppler ultrasonography for measuring the external diameter of the vessels before the operation in 4 cases. The results were similar to direct measured diameter in the operative field.
부모의 학대와 방임이 청소년의 스마트폰 과의존에 미치는 영향 : 사회적위축과 학교부적응 매개효과 및 개인적 특성의 조절효과를 중심으로
최치원 조선대학교 정책대학원 2020 국내석사
ABSTRACT The Influences of Parents’ Abuse and Neglect on Smartphone Overdependence of Adolescents -Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Social Withdrawal and School Malajustment and the Moderating Effects of Personal Characteristics- : Choi, Chi Won Advisor: Prof. Park, Hwie seo, Ph.D. Department of Social Welfare Graduate School of Chosun University From the perspective of General Strain Theory, this study is aimed at understanding the overall process of smartphone overdependence among teenagers and securing the basis for early prevention intervention by checking the direct influence of abuse, neglect, social withdrawal, school maladjustment, and smartphone overdependence among middle school students across the country, the mediating effects of social withdrawal, and the moderating effects of fandom, experience, religious activity, and the presence of heterosexual friends. For this purpose, research models and research theories were established to explain the influence relationship between smartphone overdependence and each variable based on data from the 7th year (2016) of the first panel of the Korea Children's and Youth Panel Survey. In this study, statistical analysis was conducted on 1,935 parts of the 7th Year (2016) sample, excluding 407 parts of the missing sample containing unresponsive or insincere responses, that responded to neglect, abuse, social withdrawal, school maladjustment, and smartphone overdependence. Check and analysis of data was made using quantitative research methods such as frequency analysis, technical statistics, univariate variance analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation model (SEM) verification using the package of SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 25.0 programs. Indirect effects of the structural equation model were verified through effect analysis, and significance of the moderating effects by group was verified through multi-group comparison method. Based on the results of the verification of the measurement model in this study, the present study indicated a comparatively the conformity indices of the models (χ2=750.641, df=142, p=0.000, GFI=0.958, AGFI=0.944, NFI=0.961, IFI=0.968, TLI(NNFI)=0.961, CFI=0.968, RMR=0.019, RMSEA=0.047. The proposed model has lower χ2 statistics than the competition model and is not statistically significant in terms of suitability (χ2=37.567, df=2) through the comparison method of the hierarchical competition model. The results of verification for each research problem are as follows. First, in the relationship of significant effects between two specific variables: parental abuse and neglect, social withdrawal, school maladjustment, and smartphone overdependence, the relationship of other specific variables has been verified to have a direct significant influence except for the path of abuse → social withdrawal and neglect → smartphone overdependence. In other words, the greater the level of abuse from parents, the higher the degree of school maladjustment and smartphone overdependence, and the greater the level of neglect from parents, the higher the social withdrawal and the higher the level of school maladjustment. It also showed that the higher the degree of social withdrawal among teenagers, the greater the degree of school maladjustment and smartphone overdependence, and the greater the level of school maladjustment, the greater the damage on smartphone overdependence. Second, as a result of analyzing the mediating effects of social withdrawal or school maladjustment on the path of abuse and neglect and smartphone overdependence, confirmed the complete mediation of social withdrawal in the path of neglect → school maladjustment also confirmed the partial mediating effect of social withdrawal in the path of neglect →smartphone overdependence, and the significant partial mediating effect of school maladjustment in the path of social withdrawal to smartphone overdependence. Third, as a result of analyzing the moderating effects of personal characteristics on the relations between the main variables of parental abuse and neglect, middle school students' social withdrawal, school maladjustment, and smartphone dependence. In the path of abuse→ smartphone overdependence, experiential activities showed significant differences among groups, and religion and fandom showed significant differences in the paths of neglect → social withdrawal and neglect → school maladjustment. In addition, the paths of social withdrawal → school maladjustment and social withdrawal → smartphone overdependence showed significant differences in experience activities and religions. Key words: abuse, neglect, social withdrawal, school maladjustment, smartphone overdependence, General Strain Theory.
OECD 국가 여성의 출산율과 주관적 삶의 질의 영향요인에 대한 연구 : 사회자본 및 일?가정양립정책 중심으로
In this study, social capital measured at the individual level and work/family By examining the effect of social policies measured by family reconciliation policy on women's fertility rate and subjective quality of life using multi-layered analysis, we identify individual and national level explanatory variables that explain women's fertility rate and subjective quality of life. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to present practical and policy measures to improve women's fertility rate and subjective quality of life. The fertility rate is the number of children in women, and subjective quality of life is evaluated as happiness and life satisfaction. The sub-variables of social capital are private interpersonal trust, social interpersonal trust, social organization trust, government organizational trust, informal group network, formal group network, As a norm, the sub-variables of work-family balance policy were examined as wealth-paid maternity leave, breast-feeding maternity leave, public family benefit cash, and public family benefit in-kind. Individual level measurement control variables are religion, marital status, educational level, subjective financial satisfaction, and subjective health satisfaction. The national level measurement control variable is income inequality. Personal level analysis data is the World Value Survey of the University of Michigan, which has been surveying items on estimated rates, subjective quality of life, and political, social, and cultural values every five years in more than 80 countries from 1981 to the present. For national level analysis, Summary of paid leave entitlements formothers/fathers (2018) was used to secure data on maternity and paternity leave, and Public spending on early childhood education and care (2015) was the latest data on public family allowance expenditure. Family benefits public spending (2017) indicators were used. The subjects of individual level analysis are women aged 20-49, and the subjects of national level analysis are 9 OECD countries. A total of 4.113 women were included in the analysis, and the nine OECD countries included in the analysis were Australia, New Zealand, Germany, Mexico, Turkey, Greece, Japan, Korea and the United States. Descriptive statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA, and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS for Window 27, and hierarchical linear model analysis was performed using the HLM 8.20 for Windows program. The research questions are as follows. First, what effect does social capital (private interpersonal trust, social interpersonal trust, social organization trust, government organizational trust, informal group network, formal group network, norms) have on women's fertility rate and subjective quality of life (happiness, life satisfaction) does it affect Second, how does work-family balance policy (wealthy paid maternity leave, breast-fed maternity leave, public family benefit cash, public family benefit in-kind) affect women's subjective quality of life (happiness, life satisfaction)? The main research results according to the research questions are as follows. As a result of examining the effect of social capital on the female fertility rate, the result of examining the effect of social capital on the female fertility rate showed that when only individual-level measurement variables were input, the higher the trust in the government organization and the higher the informal group network, the higher the fertility rate. It was found that the higher the trust in social organization, the lower the fertility rate. It was found that private interpersonal trust, social interpersonal trust, formal group networks, and norms had no effect. Even after additional national-level measurement variables were added, the birth rate was still higher as trust in government organizations and informal group networks increased, and the higher the trust in social organizations, the lower the birth rate., the norm appeared to have no effect. As a result of examining the effect of social capital on women's happiness, when only individual-level measurement variables were input, it was found that the higher the private interpersonal trust, the trust in the government organization, the higher the informal group network, the higher the norm. It was found that the higher the social interpersonal trust and the higher the official group network, the lower the sense of happiness. It was found that trust in social organization had no effect. Even after additional national-level measurement variables were added, the sense of happiness increased as the private interpersonal trust, government organizational trust, informal group network, and norms increased. was found not to be reached. As a result of examining the effect of social capital on women's life satisfaction, when only individual-level measurement variables were input, life satisfaction increased as private interpersonal trust, government organization trust, formal group network, and norms increased., the informal group network did not affect the quality of life. As a result of additional input of national-level measurement variables, life satisfaction increased as private interpersonal trust, government organizational trust, formal group networks, and norms increased. As a result of examining the effect of work-family balance policy on women's fertility rate, when only national-level measurement variables were input, the fertility rate increased as wealth paid maternity leave, public family benefit cash, and public family benefit in-kind increased. The higher the number, the lower the birth rate. After additional individual level measurement variables were added, the feeling of happiness increased as the amount of wealth paid maternity leave and public family benefit in-kind increased. As a result of examining the effect of work-family balance policy on women's happiness, when only national-level measurement variables were input, the feeling of happiness increased as wealth paid maternity leave, public family benefit cash, and public family benefit in-kind increased. It did not affect happiness. Even after adding individual-level measurement variables, the feeling of happiness increased as the amount of maternity leave, public family benefit cash, and public family benefit in-kind increased, and breast-feeding leave did not affect happiness. As a result of examining the effect of work-family balance policy on women's life satisfaction, when only national level measurement variables were input, life satisfaction increased as the public family benefit in-kind increased. Cash had no effect on life satisfaction. After additional individual level measurement variables were added, maternity leave, breastfeeding leave, public family benefit cash, and public family benefit in-kind had no effect on life satisfaction. Based on the research results, in particular, if the multi-layered analysis is conducted with the fertility rate and life satisfaction as dependent variables and population/economic factors, work-family balance policy factors, and social capital factors as independent variables, demographic/economic factors, work-family balance, etc. While the influence of some variables, such as policy factors, disappeared, social capital factors continued to have an effect on the fertility rate and life satisfaction. In other words, although demographic and economic factors and work-family balance policy factors affect the fertility rate and life satisfaction for women, it can be interpreted as having a greater effect when combined with social capital factors. Conclusions, discussions, and implications of the study were presented based on the research results.
Expression and characterization of human homologue of UNC-50(UNCL) in the periodontal ligament
치주인대에서 사람 unc-50 상동유전자(UNCL)의 발현과 기능적 특성 최 치 원 지도교수: 박주철, Ph.D. 조선대학교 대학원 치의학과 구강조직학 전공 치주인대는 치아를 지지할 뿐만 아니라 인접 치조골 및 백악질의 수복과 재생에 관여하는 것으로 잘 알려져 있으나, 치주인대 세포의 분화나 발생에 선택적으로 관여하는 유전자에 관한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 최근에 치은섬유모세포에는 존재하지 않으나 치주인대섬유모세포에 선택적으로 존재하는 치주인대-특이 유전자, PDLs (a periodontal ligament-specific)22가 보고되었다. 이 연구에서는 사람 치주인대섬유모세포 유전자 library를 제작하여 PDLs22 유전자의 전체 염기서열을 동정하고 염기서열 분석과 homology 검색을 통하여 PDLs22가 unc-50 관련 단백질(Genbank accession no. AF077038)의 사람 상동유전자임을 확인하였다. 777-bp의 사람 PDLs22 cDNA는 259 아미노산으로 되어 있는 단백질을 합성하는 것으로 치주인대섬유모세포 이외에, 뇌, 신장, 고환 및 태반에서도 발현되었다. PDLs22는 치주인대섬유모세포의 핵막에 주로 위치하였으며 치주인대 세포의 분화과정 전반에 걸쳐 발현되었다. 또한, PDLs22 mRNA와 단백질은 발육중인 치아의 치조골과 치근면을 따라서 분화중인 시멘트질모세포와 치주인대섬유모세포 그리고 골모세포에서 발현되었다. 교정력에 의한 치아 이동 후에 PDLs22의 발현이 치주인대에서 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 PDLs22는 unc-50의 사람 상동 유전자로서 시멘트질모세포와 치주인대섬유모세포 그리고 골모세포의 분화과정 뿐만 아니라 시멘트질, 치주인대 및 치조골의 항상성을 유지하는 데에도 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 사료된다. 핵심용어: PDLs22, 치주인대섬유모세포, 치주조직, unc-50 관련 단백질, UNCL, AF077038
廣告效果가 미치는 消費者 購買 行動에 관한 硏究 : 消費者 廣告選好度 反應을 中心으로
Since the ultimate effectiveness of an advertisement is the improvement of selling the commidity, the advertisement is the repeat process that stimulates the consumer decide to purchase the commidity and change the attitude about the commidity going through the process of under standing the knowledge about the commidity and having the conviction about the commidity with paying attention to the commidity. It is no exaggeration to say that there are too much advertisement on Mass Communication. Therefore, over buying is encouraged in the confusion which is producedby the good function and the converse function of an advertisement is the actual circumstances. The result of research about the pattern of the consumer's purchase intension influenced by the effectiveness is........... i) In the pattern of the impusle buying, the rate of the preference is high not influenced by the quality of the commidity by the other way of image communication or the preference of the specific commercial messager through any kind of the medium of an advertisement. ii) In the pattern of the interest buying, the consumer make the expression of the interest about commodity by the way of the image communication or the preference of the specific commercial messager through the any kind of the medium of advertisement. In has the influence on the perchase. iii) In the pattern of the latent purchase, the way of image communication or the preference of the specific commercial messager through any kind of the medium advertisement have the influence on the purchase of consumer. iv) In the pattern of plan buying, the way of image communication or the preference of the specific commerricial message through any kind of the medium of an advertisement does'nt have any relation to the pur chase of consumers. v) In the pattern of the selection purchase, the way of image communication or the preference of the specific commercial message through any kind of the medium of an advertisement does'nt have any relation to the purchase of consumer. The result of the coprolite with an actual proof is that the ratio of the support in the utility accounts for 68%, and the ratio of the support in the substantiality of the commidity accounts for 90%. The ratio of the preference in case of looking and seeing Mass media advertisement used is higher than the ratio of the preference of the consumer in case of the paper advertisement used. The knowledge of product information and the interest of exchanging that information is improved. Beside the interest of consumer about the image of company accounts for 45%, also in the order of the discovnt purchase, the low price, and the moderate price, the way of payment in accordance with impulse buying is to use credit card. The ratio of the satisfaction of the commidity accounts for 80%. It tell us the consumer protection club play an important role. As the result of research about impulse buy of the consumer, the impulse buying is not related with the distinction of sex. According to the level of education, the impulse buying is high in the people who have A . A. Degree. According to the level of the income, the impulse buying is the high in the high income bracket, and it cause over buying and the result of over buying become a public critism.