모험교육의 개념, 영역과 효과

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 모험교육이란 위험이라는 요소를 활용하여 참가자의 전인성장을 추구하는 야외교육의 한 영역이다. 우리나라에서는 극기훈련과 해병대캠프 등의 이름으로 수련활동 차원에서 모험교육이 시행되고 있지만, 이에 대한 교육학적 이해와 방법론의 보급이 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 문헌분석을 토대로 모험교육에 대한 개념과 영역 및 효과를 알아봄으로써, 향후 우리나라의 모험교육이 교육적 가치를 확대 하는데 기여하고자 한다. 이 연구에서는 문헌분석을 토대로 모험교육을 소집단 환경에서, 실재적이거나 인지된 위험의 요소를 갖고 있는 모험활동을 직접적이고 유목적적으로 활용하여, 참가자의 선택에 의한 도전의 과정을 통해 신체적·정신적․·사회적 역량을 발달시키고 전인적 성장을 추구하는 교육활동으로 정의하였다. 모험교육의 영역으로는 아웃워드 바운드, 기획모험, 모험기반 상담, 모험치료 등이 있다. 아웃워드 바운드는 산, 사막, 바다 등의 야생 영역에서 4주 정도를 지내면서 훈련단계, 탐험단계, 솔로, 최종 탐험의 과정을 경험하는 활동이다. 기획모험은 반나절에서 이틀 정도의 단기간에 진행되며, 주로 집단협동 활동과 도전코스를 활용한다. 모험기반 상담은 개인의 내적 탐색을 지원하는 상담 기법으로, 상황설명, 활동하기, 반성하기의 과정으로 진행된다. 모험치료는 자연환경 속에서 모험활동을 활용해 내담자의 치료적 변화를 촉진시키는 심리치료 접근법이다. 모험교육은 리더십, 대인관계, 행동, 집단 역동 등의 대인간 관계와 자기개념, 자아존중감, 자기효능감등의 대인 내적 관계에서 긍정적 변화를 가져온다고 보고되고 있다. 그 밖에도 학업, 환경에 대한 인식과 감사, 건강한 신체 발달 등에 효과가 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to define adventure education and to investigate the effects. In the area of outdoor education, adventure education uses 'risk'. The characters of adventure ducation are real or perceived risk, the goal of study(or activity), learners' direct and active participation, challenge by choice, and small group environment. This study defined adventure education as an educational activity to pursue developing physical, emotional, and social competence and growing up to the whole man by using adventure activity and 'challenge by choice'. There are Outward Bound, Project Adventure, Adventure based Counseling, and Adventure Therapy in the area of adventure education. Outward Bound provides 23 days' wilderness activities in the process of training, expedition, solo, and final expedition. Project Adventure provides group initiatives and challenge courses for half day to two days. Adventure based Counseling support intrapersonal investigation in the process of briefing, activity, and debriefing. Adventure Therapy gives clients therapeutic change through transference of study. Adventure education has good effects in the interpersonal relationship and intrapersonal relationship. In the interpersonal relationship, there are leadership, relationship, behavior, group dynamics etc. In the intrapersonal relationship, there are self concept, self-esteem, self efficacy and so on. There are some more effects of academic achievement, environmental awareness and appreciation, and physical fitness in adventure education.

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