토함산 석굴의 팔부중상(八部衆像) -八部衆(팔부중)에서 八部神將(팔부신장)으로의 移行期(이행기)의 一例(일례)로서의 자리매김- = Palbujungsang (八部衆像) in Stone Cave in Mt. Toham

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Like a Sacred Image in Seokulam Vestibule (石窟庵前室), the composition of 8 statues of god commanders (神將像) which include some iconic characteristics of Palbujungsang is a process during the changes in Palbujungsang in Korea which are shown in the Five-story Stone Pagoda (全羅南道求禮華嚴寺西五層石塔) West (西) in Hwaeomsa, Gurye, Cheollanam-do and the Three-story Stone Pagoda in Hwacheon-dong, Youngyang-gun, Kyungsangbuk-do (in the late 9thcentury). Especially the Three-story Stone Pagoda in Hwacheon-dong and the Three-story Stone Pagoda in Hyeonil-dong are in common in that they keep characteristics off our sacred images such as Asura-Gandharva-Naga-Yaksa. In other words, 8 sacred images in Seokulam Vestibule are Palbusinjang rather than Palbujung. They are Palbusinjang with some iconic characteristics of Palbujung. Considering that it is the late half of the 9th century when Palbujung was transformed into Palbusinjang in stone pagoda, it can be guessed that 8sacred(Palbusinjang) in Seokulam Vestibule was built in or after the second half of the 9th century. In other words, the current vestibule was not built at the time of original foundation in middle of the 8th century butit was built at the later time. It seems that Palbujung sang in Seokgulam Vestibule were built in late 9th century as the Palbujung were introduced in vestibule in China from Odae(五代), and Keumgangyeoksasang and Palbujungsang are more formatted than other images in Seokulam and they are more similar to the samples in the end of the 9th century and eartly 10th century.