기후변화 영향평가와 사업심사 연계를 위한 다자개발은행의 방법론 고찰 = Review of Multilateral Development Bank’s Methodologies for Consideration of Climate Change Impacts in Project Due Diligence

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) have actively responded to global climate change, and developed and operated the Common Principles for Climate Finance Tracking. They estimate climate finance in a granular manner with a conservative view. In other words, the MDBs track their financing only for those elements or proportions of projects that directly contribute to or promote climate adaptation or mitigation. The MDBs have reported jointly on climate finance since the first edition in 2012, which reported for 2011 and up to the 10th edition in 2021, which reported for 2020. MDBs apply two difference methodologies for adaptation and mitigation. For adaptation, the methodology is based on a context and location specific approach and captures the amounts associated with activities directly linked to vulnerability to climate change. For mitigation, it is evaluated in accordance with a comprehensive list of activities that reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
The result of climate risk assessment is one of the major due diligence items for MDBs alongside with that of environmental and social impact assessment. Under the circumstance that many countries endeavor to deal with climate change at project level, it is meaningful to understand how MDBs have addressed climate change issues in their project approval process. This would be a good reference to establish a methodology for responding to climate change and to expand scope of environmental and social impact assessment.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

다자개발은행들은 기후변화 대응에 적극적으로 동참하고 있으며, 기존 환경·사회 영향평가에서 한발자국 더 나아가 저탄소 기후금융(Climate Finance) 제공을 위한 공동의 기후금융 평가방안(Common Principles for Climate Finance Tracking)을 마련하여 운용하고 있다. 이들은 보수적인 시각에서 전체사업 중 기후변화 적응 또는 저감으로 인정할 수 있는 부분을 단위화하여 평가하고 있으며, 그 결과를 취합하여 2012년부터 2021년도까지 총 10회에 걸쳐 기후금융 보고서를 발간하였다. 기후금융으로 판단하는 방법은 저감인지 적응인지에 따라서 다소 상이하다. 기후변화 적응 금융의 경우에는 사업의 맥락, 전후사정을 살펴 적응 금융으로 산정하며, 저감 금융의 경우에는 적용이 가능한 사업에 대한 포괄적인 리스트가 마련되어 이에 해당하는 경우 저감 금융으로 인정한다. 다자개발은행은 기후금융 평가 내용을 환경·사회 영향평가 결과와 함께 사업 심사의 주요 항목으로 활용하고 있다. 세계 각국이 사업 수준에서 기후변화를 다루기 위한 다양한 노력을 기울이고 있는 상황에서, 다자개발은행이 사업 승인 시 기후변화를 어떻게 고려하고 있는지 살펴보고 그 시사점에 대해서 고찰해 보는 것은 향후 기후변화 대응 방법론 마련 및 관련한 환경·사회 영향평가의 역할 확대에 도움이 될 것이라고 생각한다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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