국방전략의 관점에서 본 1940년대 建都論爭 — ‘陸防論’과 ‘海防論’의 경쟁을 중심으로 — = Analysis of the 1940’s Debate on China’s Capital from the Perspective of Defense Strategy — Focusing on the controversy over ‘inland defense’ and ‘maritime defense’ —

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the capital debate of the 1940’s, Xi’an(西安), Beiping(北平), and Nanjing(南京) were the cities that earned the most support for the postwar China's capital. This article has compared the three cities’ arguments from the perspective of defense strategy, and has found out that the arguments can generally be divided into three categories. People who supported Xi’an emphasized ‘inland defense(陆防lufang)’ based on the traditional defense strategy concept. On the contrary, people who supported Nanjing emphasized ‘maritime defense(海防haifang)’ based on the changed international situation since mid 19th century. Beiping was supported as China’s new capital on the basis that it was capable of countering both inland and maritime threats. The intellectuals who participated in the debate raised arguments based on their view of the future military threats facing China in the postwar years, and their claims can be generally classified into three categories, which are ‘inland defense strategy(陆防论)’, ‘maritime defense strategy(海防論)’, and ‘inland and maritime defense strategy(陸海兼顧論)’.
In the viewpoint that both debates were focused on analyzing the military threats facing China and discussing what defense strategy to choose in the future, the 1940’s capital debate is historically similar to the defense strategy debate of 1874-75. The two debates bear historical resemblance in that the participants were absorbed in analyzing the major military threats confronting China and proposing which defense strategy(inland or maritime) China should adapt to confront it. Whether the core of the military threats facing China at the time was on the continent, at sea, or both, the people who participated in the debate presented appropriate alternatives based on their analysis. Although the alternatives showed a certain difference with the passage of time, they were fundamentally based on three categories, and in that point, the two debates could be discussed in the same historical context.

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