Chronic wounds such as diabetic ulcers are a significant global health problem despite the ongoing efforts to prevent and treat them. The characteristics of diabetic wounds are functional impairment of fibroblasts and keratinocytes that play critical ...
Chronic wounds such as diabetic ulcers are a significant global health problem despite the ongoing efforts to prevent and treat them. The characteristics of diabetic wounds are functional impairment of fibroblasts and keratinocytes that play critical role in wound healing and elevated MMPs, which results in the destruction of healthy extracellular matrix (ECM). Treatment of diabetic wounds still remains a clinically difficult problem.
Stem cells are a new hope to improve impaired diabetic wound healing. Among peripheral stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are an attractive source with advantages of easy cell harvesting and culturing. Traditionally, cultured ASCs are individualized through trypsinization and applied in suspension state. However, the suspension method has many disadvantages such as destruction of cellular structure and function and low efficiency. Therefore, we used a photothermal ASCs sheet harvesting technique to preserve cell to cell and cell to ECM contact.
In this study, we hypothesized that maintained intercellular adhesion of sheet-type ASCs promotes diabetic wound healing by enhanced paracrine effect. To verify it, we planned the following experiments.
In vitro, we investigated growth factor release over time from sheet-type ASCs and the effect of sheet-type ASCs on human dermal fibroblasts(HDFs) and human keratinocytes(HKs) obtained from diabetic patients. Furthermore, we examined the mechanism of the enhanced paracrine function of sheet-type ASCs by electron microscopy and cell adhesion molecule blocking study. In vivo, we compared the wound healing effects of sheet-type ASCs with conventional dressing in diabetic mouse wound model.
Our data demonstrate that the sheet-type ASCs secreted more growth factors such as VEGF, PDGF and FGF to accelerate the diabetic wound healing. The augmented paracrine function of the sheet-type ASCs enhanced the proliferation and migration of both HDFs and HKs as well as the production of ECM components such as collagen 1. Moreover, elevated MMP-1 in diabetic skin was significantly reduced in sheet-type ASCs treated groups. In a mechanistic study of sheet-type ASCs, we found that blocking calcium dependant adhesion molecules resulted in decreased growth factor release and disruption of cell to cell adhesion.
The wound healing effect of sheet-type ASCs in diabetic mouse wound model was verified in vivo, showing that the application of sheet-type ASCs significantly enhanced wound closure rate and accelerated re-epithelialization at the wound edge.
In conclusion, sheet-type ASCs improved cell migration and proliferation, secretion in HDFs and HKs, and wound healing rate in diabetic mouse via enhanced paracrine effect. Maintaining intercellular adhesion via calcium dependent adhesion molecules is essential to the function and shape of sheet-type ASCs.