<i>Diospyros kaki</i> calyx inhibits immediate-type hypersensitivity via the reduction of mast cell activation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Context:</B><I>Diospyros kaki</I> L. (Ebenaceae) fruit is widely distributed in Asia and is known to exert anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects.</P><P><B>Objective:</B> We evaluated the inhibitory effect of aqueous extract of <I>D. kaki</I> calyx (AEDKC) on mast cell-mediated immediate-type hypersensitivity and underlying mechanism of action.</P><P><B>Materials and methods:</B> For <I>in vivo</I>, ovalbumin (OVA)-induced active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) and immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) models were used. In the ASA, AEDKC (1–100 mg/kg) was orally administered 3 times during 14 days. In the PCA, AEDKC was orally treated 1 h before the antigen challenge. The control drug dexamethasone was used to compare the effectiveness of AEDKC. For <I>in vitro</I>, IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells and primary cultured peritoneal mast cells were used to determine the role of AEDKC (0.01–1 mg/mL).</P><P><B>Results:</B> Oral administration of AEDKC dose dependently suppressed rectal temperature decrease and increases in serum histamine, total IgE, OVA-specific IgE, and interleukin (IL)-4 in the ASA. In the PCA, AEDKC reduced Evans blue pigmentation. Compared to dexamethasone (10 mg/kg), AEDKC (100 mg/kg) showed similar inhibitory effects <I>in vivo</I>. AEDKC concentration dependently suppressed the release of histamine and β-hexosaminidase through the reduction of intracellular calcium in mast cells. In addition, AEDKC decreased the expression and secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α and IL-4 by the reduction of nuclear factor-κB. The inhibitory potential of AEDKC (1 mg/mL) was similar with dexamethasone (10 μM) <I>in vitro</I>.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B> We suggest that AEDKC may be a potential candidate for the treatment of mast cell-mediated allergic diseases.</P>