Millions of people flee their homes due to political, economic, or social issues, with asylum seekers often being involuntarily forced to cross borders. Rising anti-refugee sentiment hinders the integration of these displaced individuals, underscoring...
Millions of people flee their homes due to political, economic, or social issues, with asylum seekers often being involuntarily forced to cross borders. Rising anti-refugee sentiment hinders the integration of these displaced individuals, underscoring the need to understand the determinants of public opinion. In 2018, over 500 Yemeni asylum seekers landed on Jeju Island, sparking a national debate and anti-refugee protests in South Korea. Public discourse frequently questioned the genuineness of these asylum seekers, with many labeling them as “fake refugees”. This study investigates how various characteristics of asylum seekers shape public perceptions of their deservingness of asylum. We argue that economic and moral judgments, as well as perceptions of cultural threats, influence public preferences regarding the acceptance of asylum seekers. Our experimental data from South Korea (n = 2169) reveals a preference for skilled asylum seekers with families and visual representations. Additionally, ethno-cultural characteristics of asylum seekers are considered more significant when evaluating their admission at the neighborhood level compared to the country level. This combination of economic and moral deservingness, along with cultural concerns, indicates a compassionate pragmatism among South Koreans in selecting whom to admit as asylum seekers. The findings underscore the necessity of adopting a multidimensional framework that integrates economic, moral, and cultural considerations, rather than exclusively focusing on self-interest-based economic concerns, to more comprehensively understand public behavior towards asylum seekers.