방생소(放生所)의 역사와 수용 = A Study on the History and Acceptance of Releasing Captive Creatures

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Releasing captive creatures like fish, animal, birds are on of the major Buddhist traditions carrying out in most of the Buddhist temples all of the world. The beginning of releasing of captive creatures is presented in the scriptures of early Buddhism and the releasing was regarded as and aggressive movement of realizing Buddhist precept of preserving sentient beings life. Releasing captive creatures are believed in resulting in the religious virtue of living long life, curing desease and come into heaven in next life so that it was pervaded in most of the Buddhist temple in the age of early Buddhist and succeeded to orders of Mahayana Buddhism. Releasing captive creatures is based on Buddhist altruism and fundamental of life and Karuna which is to relieve captive creatures both of animal, plant and ecological system of nature.
Releasing captive creatures gradually formated religious rite and procedures which was carried out in restricted area of pond, sea shore and nature. In case of the Pond for Releasing captive creatures(放生池) it was began by Master Tiantai(天台智?) which he released fishes near special seashore which was vanished in Dang dynasty along with the distinction of Tiantai order of Chinese Buddhism. The Pond for Releasing captive creatures was constructed both in China and Japan and lots of the facilities are still remain today which the pond are constructed near Temples. But the tradition was succeeded to Koryo of Korean peninsula which the Tiantai tradition was still prosperous and lasted until Chosun dynasty.
The habit of releasing captive creatures in nature result in the influxes of introduced species which ruins the balances of nature but the religious event of Releasing captive creatures conducted in restricted area like in the Pond for Releasing captive creatures may be an effective way of satisfying both the needs of Buddhist activity and preserving nature.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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3 "천태사교의"

4 "중아함경"

5 "정법념처경"

6 "입릉가경"

7 佐藤密雄, "율장" 동국역경원 1994

8 "영조실록"

9 "열반경"

10 "아비달마품류족론"

11 "신당서"

12 "성종실록"

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16 "법구경"

17 "범망경보살계본소"

18 "범망경"

19 "대정신수대장경"

20 "당서"

21 "기유록"

22 "광홍명집"

23 "고운집"

24 "고려사절요"

25 안진호, "釋門儀範" 卍商會 1935

26 Huxley, Andrew, "The Kurudhamma: From Ethics to Statecraft" 2 : 1995

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