Pilot study of EEG in neonates born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The goal was to evaluate whether there was neurodevelopmental deficits in newborns born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to control newborns born to healthy mothers.
Forty‐six pregnant women (21 controls and 25 GDM) were recruited. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in the newborns within 48 h after birth. The EEG signal was quantitatively analyzed using power spectral density (PSD); coherence between hemispheres was calculated in paired channels of frontal, temporal, central and occipital regions.
The left centro‐occipital PSD in control newborns was 12% higher than in GDM newborns (p = 0.036) but was not significant after adjustment for gestational age. While coherence was higher in the frontal regions compared to the occipital regions (p < 0.001), there was no difference between the groups for the fronto‐temporal, frontal‐central, centro‐occipital and tempo‐occipital regions.
Our results support that EEG differences between groups were mainly modified by gestational age and less by GDM status of the mothers. However, there is a need to confirm this result with a higher number of mother‐newborns. Quantitative EEG in GDM newborns within 48 h after birth is feasible. This study emphasizes the importance of controlling blood glucose during GDM to protect infant brain development.