대통령‘직’의 헌법적 의무

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article deals with constitutional duties and tasks of the Presidency. In the modern democratic republic, the relationship between the state and the people should be understood as legal relationship rather than as power relationship(Gewaltverhältnis). A President, as one of the state organs, performs public service according to the Constitution and the laws. He/she is a public servant and responsible to the entire people and thus, he/she should obey the laws. The President also has to be responsive to the will of the people, for he/she was elected directly by the people and through this the people endowed the President with state power. Furthermore the President, as a head of government, has a duty to execute the laws and to respect the internal separation of powers among the organs under government as well as separation of powers in the legislative and judicial branch.
The constitutional tasks assigned to the state, that is to say, fulfillment of ‘objective’, ‘goal’, and ‘duty’ of the state, shall become the tasks of government indirectly. On the other hand, there are two fields which are the direct tasks of government: First one is political decision making field (for example, fundamental planning of state affairs and decision making on the general policy of government, foreign affairs and unification related problems, state emergency, right to submitting referendum etc.); another one is (in a narrow sense) administration field, which strictly requires legality of public administration. Besides, as a ‘successor of state affairs’ the President ought to maintain continuity and stability of state. And the President, as a ‘persuader’ rather than ‘decider’, should coorperate with legislative branch and communicate with the people. Finally, the President, who ought to recognize a spirit of the time(Zeitgeist), should lead the people’s participation in affairs of state, political integration, and the healing so-called ‘Trauma’ from the past.
In Conclusion, all the powers of democratic constitutional state should be institutionalized and performed according to the Constitution and the laws. To achieve it, State power should not be performed like ‘exercising power’ but ‘conducting its competence’. In this context, a President as ‘the first servant to the State’ has to conduct public duty bounded by Constitution and the laws.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김문현, "현행헌법상의 경제질서의 성격" 84-95, 1997

2 신우철, "현행 대통령제에 관한 몇 가지 생각-우리 헌정사의 경험을 반추하면서-" 서울대학교 법학연구소 41 (41): 316-343, 2000

3 성낙인, "이원정부제" 333-378, 2009

4 梁建, "이른바 ‘帝王的 大統領’ 論議에 관한 小考" 세계헌법학회한국학회 8 : 4-124, 2003

5 김선택, "의원내각제적 요소의 권력분산효과" 고려대학교 법학연구소 33 : 81-118, 1997

6 김선택, "의원내각제의 한국적 적실성, In 한국의 도전과 선택" 나남출판 180-200, 1997

7 정순훈, "우리 헌법상 경제질서와 경제규제의 한계" 한국공법학회 16 : 149-180, 1988

8 김수갑, "문화국가론" 충북대학교 출판부 2012

9 권영설, "국가와 경제-경제질서의 헌법적 기초-" 16 : 9-34, 1988

10 김선택, "공화국원리와 한국헌법의 해석" 한국헌법학회 15 (15): 213-250, 2009

11 권건보, "경제민주화와 복지의 공법적 기초와 과제" 한국공법학회 41 (41): 61-88, 2012

12 정종섭, "韓國에서의 大統領制政府와 持續可能性 - 憲法政策論的 接近 -" 법학연구소 53 (53): 447-496, 2012

13 Schmitt,Carl, "Verfassungslehre (1928), 8.Aufl." 1993

14 Driesen, David M., "Toward a Duty-based Theory of Executive Power" 78 : 71-120, 2009

15 Cassinelli, C. W., "The ‘Consent’ of the Governed" 12 (12): 391-409, 1959

16 Locke,John, "The Second Treatise of Government" 1689

17 Eulau,Heinz, "The Puzzle of Representation : Specifying Components of Responsiveness" 2 (2): 233-254, 1977

18 Canes-Wrone,Brandice, "The Conditional Nature of Presidential Responsiveness to Public Opinion" 48 (48): 690-706, 2004

19 Mair, Peter, "Representative versus Responsible Government" Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies 2009

20 Kang,Shin-Goo, "Representation and Policy Responsiveness : The Median Voter, Election Rules, and Redistributive Welfare Spending" 72 : 1014-1028, 2011

21 Constitutional Grounds for Presidential Impeachment, "Report by the Staff of the Impeachment Inquiry, Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives" 1974

22 Wolff,Hans J., "Organschaft und Juristische Person, Bd.2" 1933

23 Kang,Kee-Hong, "Normenprüfungs- und Verwerfungskompetenz der Verwaltung" 2007

24 Forsthoff,Ernst, "Lehrbuch des Verwaltungsrechts, Bd.1, Allgemeiner Teil, 10.Aufl." 1973

25 Hobolt,Sara Binzer, "Government Responsiveness and Political Competition in a Comparative Perspective" 41 : 309-337, 2008

26 Gröschner, Rolf, "Die Republik, In Handbuch des Staatsrechts, Bd.Ⅱ, 3.Aufl." 369-, 2004

27 Henke,Wilhelm, "Die Republik, In Handbuch des Staatsrechts, Bd.1, 2.Aufl." 863-, 1995

28 Böckenförde,Ernst-Wolfgang, "Die Bedeutung der Unterscheidung von Staat und Gesellschaft im demokratischen Sozialstaat der Gegenwart, in: Rechtsfragen der Gegenwart" 65 : 11-36, 1972

29 Mayer,Otto, "Deutsches Verwaltungsrecht, Bd.Ⅰ, 3.Aufl" 1924

30 Böckenförde,Ernst-Wolfgang, "Demokratie und Repräsentation Zur Kritik der heutigen Demokratiediskussion, In ders., Staat, Verfassung, Demokratie, 2.Aufl." 379-, 1992