Mechanism synthesis based on topology optimization has recently received much attention as an efficient design approach. The main thrust behind this trend is the capability of this method to determine automatically the topology and dimensions of linka...
Mechanism synthesis based on topology optimization has recently received much attention as an efficient design approach. The main thrust behind this trend is the capability of this method to determine automatically the topology and dimensions of linkage mechanisms. Towards this direction, there have been many investigations, but they have thus far focused mainly on mechanism synthesis considering kinematic characteristics describing a desired path or motion.
Here, we propose a new topology optimization method that synthesizes a linkage mechanism considering not only kinematic but also compliance (K&C) characteristics simultaneously, as compliance characteristics can also significantly affect the linkage mechanism performance; compliance characteristics dictate how elastic components, such as bushings in a vehicle suspension, are deformed by external forces. To achieve our objective, we use the spring-connected rigid block model (SBM) developed earlier for mechanism synthesis considering only kinematic characteristics, but we make it suitable for the simultaneous consideration of K&C characteristics during mechanism synthesis by making its zero-length springs multifunctional. Variable-stiffness springs were used to identify the mechanism kinematic configuration only, but now in the proposed approach, they serve to determine not only the mechanism kinematic configuration but also the compliance element distribution. In particular, the ground-anchoring springs used to anchor a linkage mechanism to the ground are functionalized to simulate actual bushings as well as to identify the desired linkage kinematic chain.
After the proposed formulation and numerical implementation are presented, three case studies to synthesize planar linkage mechanisms were considered. Through these case studies, we verified the validation of the proposed approach and proved that the proposed methodology could solve problems when existing methods could not. After the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with a simplified two-dimensional vehicle suspension design problem, the proposed methodology is applied to design a three-dimensional suspension. To deal with three-dimensional mechanisms, a spatial SBM is newly developed because only planar SBMs have been developed. Furthermore, a set of design variables which can vary bushing stiffness are newly introduced. Using the proposed method, it was possible to successfully synthesize two types of suspension mechanisms which have similar kinematic characteristics to each other but different compliance characteristics. By using the proposed method simultaneously considering kinematic and compliance characteristics, a unique suspension mechanism having an integral module which is known to improve R&H performances was synthesized.
In this study, although applications were made only to the design of vehicle suspensions, other practical design problems for which K&C characteristics must be considered simultaneously can be also effectively solved by the proposed approach. This study is expected to pave the way to advance the topology optimization method for general linkage mechanisms considering kinematic characteristics but also the other characteristics such as force-related characteristics.