Separation of lithium, cobalt and nickel from spent lithium-ion batteries using TBP and imidazolium-based ionic liquids

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Solvent extraction of lithium ions from sulfuric acid solutions was investigated using imidazolium-basedionic liquids as diluents and tri-n-butyl phosphate as specific ligand. Aqueous phases used weresimulating leach liquors of spent lithium-ion batteries, with lithium, cobalt and nickel ions in acidicsolutions. A low acidity and a large amount of extractant can ensure high extraction efficiency. But thebetter selectivity for the lithium ions over the transition metals is obtained using a low amount ofextractant and a low pH (pH < 3). The extraction of the lithium ions occurs by cation exchange with theionic liquid cations. A sacrificial cation was introduced in the organic phase to prevent the losses, but thecation exchange is only reduced by 20%. The increase of the ionic liquid cation alkyl chain length canpresumably suppress the cation exchange mechanism, reducing substantially the losses. But the additionof a lipophilic counter-anion in the organic phase is needed to ensure a mechanism of ion pairing with thelithium ion in the organic phase. Using the 1-decyl 3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid associated to tri-butyl phosphate, a satisfying extraction efficiency is obtained for thelithium ion, together with a sufficient selectivity among the transition metal ions.

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