파산절차상 해고에 관한 판결의 부당성-대상판결: 대법원 2004. 2. 27. 선고 2003두902 판결- = The Unjustifiability of the Supreme Courts’ Judgement on the dismissal in the Bankruptcy Proceedings

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Dong A Construction Corporation was declared bankrupt by Seoul District Court on 11, May 2001. At the same time, the bankruptcy administrator gave advance notice of dismissal on 15, May, the same year on the Internet bulletin board informing 32 employees including union leaders will be discharged as of 14, June the same year.
Complaining it was an unfair labor practices as the only union leaders were given dismissal notice, they asked Seoul National Labor Relations Commission to investigation for unfair labor practices on 17 May the same year. However, the council dismissed the petition saying it was a dismissal with justifiable reason and there was no unfair labor practices on 19 July the same year.
The complaints applied for a retrial to the Central Labor Relations Committee. Although it ruled that it was unfair dismissal and unfair labor practices that they were deprived of the right to work even as assistants and overruled the first trial, it also dismissed the petition for both the reinstatement and the payment they were supposed to received. Later, the appeal was dismissed at the Seoul Administrative Court, Seoul High Court and the Supreme Court.
However, I can't accept the Supreme Court's Judgement as it failed to understand the legal nature of dismissal in bankruptcy Proceedings. The general opinion in academic field is that the legal nature of discharge in bankruptcy proceedings subject to following: 1. Dismissal based on the Labor Standard Act, 2. Cancellation of contract due to mutually unfulfilled bilateral contract based on Debtor Rehabilitation Act, 3. The termination of employment contract based on the Civil Law.
The the Supreme Court's Judgement was made based on the rules for bilateral contract in old Bankruptcy Act-the current Debtor Rehabilitation Act and the Civil Law, disregarding both mutually unfulfilled bilateral contract in Debtor Rehabilitation Act and the employment contract in the Civil Law. The objective of labor law is to specify the procedure of the fundamental labor rights and the extent of its application stated in the Constitution, while the Debtor Rehabilitation Act specifies special provisions that is required for company rehabilitation. So, it does not serve its purpose to specify the extent of labor right application in the Debtor Rehabilitation Act. Even though such provisions were to be enacted in the Debtor Rehabilitation, it would be the labor law in an “extended” or substential meaning which does not meet the minimum standard of the labor condition stated in the Labor Standard Act. This is the violation of the provision of Article 1 and 2 of the Labor Standard Act that states the minimum standard of working condition and the Constitutional Human Living Right.

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