This research aims to investigate how replacement of menstrual hygiene products altered people’s notion regarding menstruation and women’s bodies, with particular interest in menstrual cups which have been popularized since 2016 in South Korea. Th...
This research aims to investigate how replacement of menstrual hygiene products altered people’s notion regarding menstruation and women’s bodies, with particular interest in menstrual cups which have been popularized since 2016 in South Korea. The research has been conducted from 2015, when menstrual cups were introduced by the website called “Megalia,” which believes to be the starting point of “Feminism Reboot” in South Korea, to 2018, when the interviews with menstrual cup users took place. Through the study, the meaning of menstrual cup within the Korean society was examined. It was also analyzed how the meaning is accepted by the society members. In addition, during the interview with the menstrual cup users, it was found that menstrual cup not only connotes cultural meaning, but also changes its users’ notion, creating new meanings as a non-human actant.
Firstly, the study focuses on how menstrual cups were commoditized in the Korean society as “usable products.” Menstrual cups have not been popularized in the society, despite the fact that there has been Internet access and payment methods to be used for the purchase of menstrual cups and the fact that menstrual cups were already introduced to the communities finding for alternatives for sanitary pads. Most women who searched for the alternatives at the time chose to use cloth menstrual pads instead of menstrual cups. This research pays attention to how “Megalia” website’s postings about menstrual cups during 2015 urged its readers not only to use the products, but also to explore their own bodies. It also examines the background of receiving menstrual cups within the Korean society in light of temporal, cultural, and social factors, with focus on crackdowns on domestic distribution of menstrual cups in 2016 and public worries over sanitary pads’ safety in 2017.
Subsequently, it is analyzed how the commoditized menstrual cups were received among their users. One of the major advantages of menstrual cups reported by the users is “convenience.” In this study, it was confirmed that this advantage of menstrual cups is a matter of relativity (“it is more convenient than sanitary pads.”) This finding suggests that the using and publicizing of menstrual cups have a role of disclosing and protesting against the situation where only few options except for sanitary pads have been offered as menstrual hygiene products. Nevertheless, what it means by a commoditized product to be used as a means to express opinions is that if the product loses its status as a commodity, it loses its function as a means to express opinions as well. Thus, it is also confirmed that high confidence in the functionality of menstrual cups is required to the users as well.
Finally, it is found that menstrual cup users’ perception of body has changed through the experience of using the products. Menstrual cups, due to its characteristic as an internal protection, provides its users with more opportunities to touch their own bodies. As an instrument collecting menstrual fluid, it functions as a medium between women and their bodies, offering practical knowledge regarding their own bodies and menstrual fluid. The users were able to make positive changes to their perceptions on menstruation after they learnt that disposable sanitary pads were the causes of several discomforts during the menstruation period (such as odor and limitation in physical activities), not menstruation itself. Moreover, the exploration of one’s own bodies allowed menstrual cup users to perceive their bodies as truly theirs, and paradoxically, this reveals how women have been ignorant about their own bodies. It also provides concrete grounds for the need of feminism, which is emerging with the contextual background of “Feminism Reboot” in South Korea. In sum, this study shows that replacement of products means more than changing products; replacement of products leads to the reconstruction of phenomena related to the products.