중립주의 vs. 비동맹주의: 이론과 실제의 공통점과 차이점 = Neutralism vs. Nonalignment: Similarities and Differences in Theory and Practice

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims at exploring the similarities and differences in theory and practice between neutralism and non-alignment. To this end, it seeks to choose Switzerland and Sweden as case studies of neutralism and India and Egypt as those of nonalignment, respectively, especially from the comparative approach. The author attempts to analyze this study at two different aspects of environment and policy. Here environment is defined as international and domestic situations affecting either neutralism or nonalignment. Policy is referred to as foreign policy based on either neutralism or nonalignment. (...) In conclusion, one of conspicuous similarities is that both of neutralism and nonaligment show the trend to stay away their relationships with powerful countries in international affairs. one major finding from the comparative analysis of this study is that neutralism seeks to play a passive role in the international community, while nonalignment organizes the power and influence to resist the powerful countries, at the same time getting deeply involved with many thorny issues arising from the planet.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 중립주의와 비동맹주의의 공통점과 차이점을 논의하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 그러한 목적을 이행하기 위하여 본 연구는 중립주의의 사례로서 스위스와 스웨덴, 비동맹주의 사례로서 인도와 이집트를 각각 선정하여 비교분석의 방법을 선택한다. 본 연구의 비교 대상은 크게 대내외적 배경과 대내외적 정책으로 구분하여 중립주의와 비동맹주의의 공통점과 차이점을 규명한다. 스위스와 스웨덴의 중립주의의 공통점은 양국 모두 외세의 침략과 전쟁, 그리고 지정학적 특성에 기인한다. 반면에 중립주의의 대외정책과 노선의 차이점은 스웨덴의 중립주의 대외정책은 스위스의 그것 보다 훨씬 유연하고 신축적이다. 인도와 이집트의 비동맹주의정책을 추구하는 과정에서 나타난 공통점은 양국 모두 식민지를 경험했다는 점이다. 양국의 비동맹주의노선의 커다란 차이점은 이집트의 경우 비동맹주의의 노선을 통해 중동의 아랍주의를 강화하려는 역할을 하였다. 반면에 인도는 보다 글로벌 차원에서 비동맹운동의 확산을 추구하였다. 마지막으로 중립주의와 비동맹주의의 공통점과 차이점을 요약하면 공통점의 경우 양 이념 모두 강대국에 대한 두려움, 적대감, 그리고 배타주의를 갖고 있다는 점이다. 그러나 비동맹주의는 중립주의 보다 강대국에 대해 강력한 접근을 하였다는 점이다. 주된 차이점은 중립주의의 이념은 대외적으로 정치적 영향력을 지향하지 않았지만 비동맹주의는 제3세계의 이름으로 상당히 왕성한 국제적 역할을 하였을 뿐만 아니라 글로벌 차원에서 세력화하려고 하였다.

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