The Image of the Ideal Doctor: Reviewing Luke Fildes’ The Doctor of 1891

국문 초록 (Abstract)

19세기 후반 영국의 대표적인 사회적 사실주의 작가로 널리 알려진 루크 필즈의 작품 〈의사〉는 서양미술의 역사상 가장 대표적인 의료인 이미지 중 하나이다. 가난한 오두막집 실내를 배경으로 잠에 깊이 빠진 어린 아이와 옆에서 이를 걱정스럽게 지켜보는 중년 의사의 극명한 대비를 통해 이 작품은 삶과 죽음이라는 인류 최고의 드라마를 조용하지만 격렬하게 펼쳐낸다. 〈의사〉는 1891년 왕립미술원 전시에서 폭발적인 대중적 인기를 끌었고 곧 판화로도 제작되어 영국 뿐 아니라 미국에서도 커다란 성공을 거두었다. 이러한 당대 인기에도 불구하고 이 작품과 관련해서는 주문자가 빅토리아 여왕이라는 등의 여러 잘못된 정보가 아직도 난무하고 있다. 그렇다면 여전히 영미권 의료인들 사이에서 가장 인기있는 작품인 〈의사〉의 주문자는 누구이며 실제 당대 평론가들은 이를 어떻게 평가했고 또한 커다란 대중적 성공의 원인은 무엇이었을까? 본고는 현재까지 미발굴되었던 당대 평론가들의 비평과 작가 자신의 인터뷰를 바탕으로 이 작품의 생산과 수용에 대한 미시사적 재구성을 주요 목표로 한다. 이 과정에서 〈의사〉의 주문자는 당대 대표적인 영국미술 후원자인 테이트(Tate)임이 밝혀지고 평범하지 않은 주제 선택에는 작가의 가슴 아픈 개인사가 녹아있었음이 드러난다. 더구나 필자는 본 연구를 통해 실제 당대 비평은 반드시 호평 일색이 아니라 비판적인 평가도 있었음을 확인하였고 그럼에도 불구하고 이 작품의 대중적 인기는 빅토리아 시기 영국인들이 지녔던 이상적인 의사상을 필즈가 절묘하게 형상화했다는 점에 있음을 논증한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Doctor, painted in 1891 by the English artist Luke Fildes, has been widely hailed as one of the most famous medical images in the history of Western art. Set in an impoverished rural English cottage, it highlights the moment of life and death facing a sick child, attended by a caring doctor, and presents the doctor as an unsung hero of the weak. Drawing largely on a variety of contemporary reviews of the picture scattered in newspapers and magazines, many of which have remained hitherto undiscovered, the purpose of this article is twofold. First, it reconstructs the immediate contexts in which the painting was produced and received. In the process such obvious misinformation, still widely circulating on the internet, that it was commissioned by Queen Victoria is definitely quashed. Second, it argues that Fildes succeeded in giving a concrete visual form to an invisible image of the ideal family doctor in Victorian Britain, and that this success was at the heart of the painting"s immense popularity at the end of the nineteenth century. The image of the selfless family doctor, however, is illusory as the vision of selflessness itself may be an illusion that has hardly existed in reality but only in art.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 국문초록
• Abstract
• Ⅰ. Introduction
• Ⅱ. The Birth of The Doctor
• Ⅲ. The Doctor in Contemporary Reviews
• Ⅳ. The Ideal Image of the Victorian Family Doctor
• Ⅴ. Conclusion
• Bibliography

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