The purpose of this study is find out how the results of geological research on climate change after the 4th holocene in Korea relate to stratum of remains around the main stream of Han River; Misa-ri, Amsa-dong, and Pungnap-dong which are largely inf...
The purpose of this study is find out how the results of geological research on climate change after the 4th holocene in Korea relate to stratum of remains around the main stream of Han River; Misa-ri, Amsa-dong, and Pungnap-dong which are largely influenced by climate change. It is also aims to presume the age of remains' formation identifying whether the age of climate change of each holecene can apply to that remains's stratum process.
As shown in the climate change during the 4th holocene in Korea, the climate from year 130,000 to 80,000 BP, which is the last interglacial period is temperate and humid, and the sea level is similar to today's. In the last glacial epoch which begins from around year 75,000 BP, it continued cold and dry climate to the year 18,000 BP and the sea level has been continuously decreased. During the last glacial epoch; from year 18,000 to 15,000 BP, in the LGM(Last Glacial Maximum), there is an evidence that sea level is the lowest: -130m, in the extreme cold climate.
In the year from 15,000 to 10,000 BP, which is late glacial time, shows rising temperature and sea level, grassland was starts to form in lowlands and so as chilly forest in mountainous districts, however the temperature was still cold glacial epoch. After the year 10,000 BP, in the beginning of holecene, the sea level had been suddenly risen and oak forest became larger than chilly forest because it rapidly became temperate and humid. In the end, in the year from 7,500 to 5,000 BP, it show peak of temperate and humid temperature, and the sea level had been risen up to today's.
In the year from 5,000 to 4,000 BP, it shows a change to a temperate and dry climate, the sea level went up to maxim; slightly above today's, and family of pine tree were increased because the temperature became dry. In the year from 4,000 to 3,000 BP, it maintained temperate and dry climate, and high sea level or slightly lower sea level. In the year from 3,000 to 2,300 BP, the land became dry and sea level was decreased because of processing of cold and dry climate. Besides, in the year from 2,300 to 1,800, the climate became temperate and humid again, and sea level was increased rapidly, and after the year 1,800 BP, it stabilized to today's climate and sea level.
As shown in the process of Misa-ri remains, Misa Island is in the middle of Han River, stratum of gravel was formed in the lower part of Misa-ri natural stratum. After that, there was not particular deposit because the sea level was decreased around the last glacial epoch. After the late glacial time, in the optimum climate time (around year from 7,500 to 5,000 BP), there had been sand deposits by overflowing of river over the gravel stratum, as a result, it seems to form Misa Island. In the year from 6,000 to 4,500 BP, when Misa Island was almost get into shape, the stratum of Neolithic age's culture seems to be formed. The culture of the Neolithic age of Misa-ri was yet unstable natural environment, thus dwelling was seasonal not a group settlement.
In the Bronze and Iron age (year from 3,000 to 2,300 BP), sea level was decreased and land was became dry, because of conversion to cold climate, as a result, diminished inundation of river presumed to be created stable natural environment to be settled. Consequently, the residence had been increased and formed settlements according to the result of excavation of a large number of settlement of Bronze age. By this time, accumulation and erosion were actively proceeded in the upper stream of Misa-ri. While, there formed a stable accumulation in the middle and downstream of Misa-ri, thus these part would be major place to be settled.
In the year from 2,300 to 1,800 BP, the massive accumulation appeared all over the Island by periodical overflow of Han River because the climate got temperate and humid again. After that, the ground in the upper stream formed stable condition, thus the downstream which had been a major settlement place turned unstable and the stratum got think. As a result, the major settlement seemed to migrated to upper stream according to the remains of cultivation and group settlement of the Three Kingdoms (Baek-Je) in the upper stream of Misa Island.
As shown in the formation process of Amsa-dong remains, the natural embankment around Amsa-dong had been formed in the year from 7,500 to 5,000 BP, the age of remains of Amsa-dong in the Neolithic era estimated year 7,000 BP the oldest, and year 5,000 BP the center age, because the remains had been started to form in the time of approximate stabilization of the land. Moreover, after the year form 7,500 to 5,000 BP, when the remains of Amsa-dong had been formed, the climate was temperate and dry, thus the Neolithic culture of Amsa-dong seemed to be maintained for many years. Consequently, it seemed to relatively permanent material civilization had been maintained approximately for 2,000 years.
As shown in the relation between remains of Amsa-dong and Misa-ri, to begin with, in the period of natural embankment had not been formed completely(around year 7,000 BP), the settlement of Neolithic mankind seemed to be started in Amsa-dong where the natural embankment had already formed stable. However, in the year around 5,000 BP, after the configuration around the Misa-ri ground had been completed, the settlement of Neolithic mankind of Misa-ri seemed to be started. The mankind of Misa-ri in this period is the same descent of Amsa-dong, and it may concluded that people of Amsa-dong enlarged their dwellings up to Misa-ri. In the Bronze age, the center of settlement seemed to be moved to Misa-ri from Amsa-dong because there was more available place to live in Misa-ri. Besides, Misa-ri is more beneficial to be protected from fierce animals and enemies than Amsa-dong because Misa Island is middle in the river. More than that, it is much more convenient to fish from river in Misa than Amsa, and the ground is profitable to get food and others from forest b