조선 전기 비공식적 제도의 변화와 류성룡의 리더십 = Transitions of The Informal Institutions in The Early Joseon Dynasty and Leadership of Ryu Seong-ryong

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper analyzes the transition process of the informal institutions in the early Joseon dynasty, from the perspective of Institutionalism. Since its establishment, Joseon dynasty pushed the whole society toward the confucian transformation under the government initiative not only in the formal instituions (legal system) but also in the informal institutions (social norms, culture). By the 16th century, Joseon had become a confucian country far different from the past.
Although the informal institutions and social culture of Joseon after the confucian transformation had some positive aspects, mostly it turned into a very closed and extractive nature, due to the persistent and collective efforts over the long time period of the ruling class Yangban to protect and strengthen their vested interests and privileges.
During the national crisis incurred by the Imjin War, Ryu Seong-ryong adopted very reformative policies of open and integrated nature, quite different from those of the early Joseon when closed and extrative tendencies were intensified.
This was possible due to his patriotism and his eagerness to save the nation and the people, combined with his open-minded leadership.
However, when Ryu stepped down from the government after the war was over, most of such inclusive policies were abolished, and closed and extractive tendency of the society was intensified again, due to strong repulsion of the ruling class. It is regrettable that Joseon could not keep Ryu’s open and integrative policies.
Ryu’s patriotism and integrative leadership provides an important lesson to modern Korea, where some of the closed and extractive aspects still remain. Ruling elite group of Korea, to ensure continued development of the country, should try to improve the informal institutions of our country toward more open and inclusive ones.
The Institutionalism that is getting more attention in the academia implies that it can be a useful tool for analyzing main characteristics of the informal institutions of early Joseon and also re-interpreting Ryu’s leadership.

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