영유아 관련 뇌 기반 연구에 대한 고찰 = A review of brain-based research involving young children

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 생애초기 경험이 영아의 발달 및 뇌발달에 미치는 영향력에 대해 관심이 집중되고 있는 배경 아래, 국내외 선행연구들을 검토하여 영유아기 뇌발달에 영향을 주는 요인은 무엇이며, 영유아의 뇌발달을 연구하는 방법론은 어떠한지 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 통해 영유아기 뇌발달에 미치는 주요 요인들의 영향을 검토하고 뇌과학 연구 방법론을 유아교육과 연계시킬 수 있는 가능성을 탐색하고자 하였다. 먼저, 영유아의 뇌발달에 영향을 주는 요인들 중 스트레스, 애착과 양육변인인 어머니 우울, 영양, 수면 등의 요인에 대해 연구결과를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 또한 뇌과학 연구방법으로 전기생리학적 연구(electro-physiological studies), 뇌 영상화 연구(neuroimaging studies), 코티졸 연구(cortisol studies)의 세 가지 방법을 적용한 연구를 고찰하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 이러한 영유아기 뇌발달에 영향을 주는 요인과 뇌과학 연구방법이 유아교육 분야의 연구 및 교육실제에 주는 시사점을 도출하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to review the factors that affect and influence infants' and children's brain development as well as the methodologies currently used in brain-based research. Additionally, this study focuses on the increased interest in early childhood experiences and their influence on children's development, specifically, on brain development. Finally, this review seeks possible connections between neuroscience research methodology dealing with affective factors of brain development in young children and early childhood education. This review of brain-based literature involving children's brain development finds that the following factors most affect child brain development; 1) early stress, 2) attachment, 3) maternal depression, 4) nutrition and 5) sleep. These factors are studied in terms of 3 major neuroscience research methods: 1) electro-physiological studies, 2) neuroimaging studies, and 3) cortisol studies. Research tools and methodologies are discussed and research examples are given. Finally, this study of the factors affecting child brain development using the aforementioned neuroscience research methods has far-reaching implications for early childhood education research and for the field of early childhood education generally.

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