한국철학 : 퇴계 수양론의 이 중심적 특성에 관한 소고 = Korean Philosophy : A Study on the Self-Cultivating Theory of Yi-whang, revealed in his Diary

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Yi-whang is the famous neo-Confucianist in Chosun Dynasty, with his study of Mind and practicing his theory in his real life. But most studies on Yi-whang are centered on theoretical area, especially on logical co-herence between Li(理) and Chi(氣). Now, we had to develop our study of Yi-whang, if we want to explain the whole feature of his thought, in the point of Self-Cultivation(修養), and it will unite his logical aspect with his real practicing life, because his thought doesn`t separated his daily practicing, and the Occurrence with his philosophical root. His Diary, only one year, and another Diary hasn`t found yet, was written in 1554 and he is 54 years old. His Diary is the milestone of his practice, so we can find feelings and Self-Cultivating process in his daily life very honestly. So, the Diary of 1554 may be the clue of our developing study on the base of his practice experiences. And, now, I would try to explain Yi-whangs philosophy on the point of Cultivating Li(養理), the expression of his Diary. His said 平心和氣 養理去吝(feb. 10th. 1554), but Cultivating Li(養理)〔Cultivating the moral and ontological One〕 was not possible and common expression in that time, although it was said by Chu-His(朱熹), before, because it has a sophisticate problem, that Li is the only One, and an Ultimate thing, like God, so it cannot be moving thing and it cannot be cultivated . But Yi-whang said Li is moving and controlling, although it is absolutely universal, his Cultivating Li was said in these contexts. Because he thought that Chi(氣) has no eternal meaning and morally neutral, so human life must be controlled by Li, and Li is manifested in our moral feelings of daily life. Our moral feelings, like Four clue〔四端〕, is available only by Li, and that means Chi must be Controlled by Li in every moments and situations, so it may be called Cultivating or nurturing Li, that is, Li`s Self-Manifestation. Cultivating Li does not mean Cultivating Li itself or Cultivating Chi. Cultivating Li means Control Chi in the point of Li, and for the realization of Li. Chi is only matter, in point of Yi-whang, so it has no change possibility, only control possibility. The Li`s moving and coming in mind are available on this point of view. It is very sophiscated but special aspect of Yi-whang` philosophy. He felt the moving moral mind, and encountered the Ultimate One Moral and Ontological Motif〔天理〕 in his daily practicing life, so he emphasized to know Li in the practical and logical bae. Neo-Confucianists have the qualitative transformation as an object, as a result of Self-Cultivating, but Yi-whang didn`t. His Change is not qualitative transformation, its merely proficiency or expertness of controlling mind, because his Chi has no possibility of qualitative transformation.