Tinnitus: Characteristics, Causes, Mechanisms, and Treatments

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Tinnitus-the perception of sound in the absence of an actual external sound-represents a symptom
of an underlying condition rather than a single disease. Several theories have been proposed to
explain the mechanisms underlying tinnitus. Tinnitus generators are theoretically located in the
auditory pathway, and such generators and various mechanisms occurring in the peripheral auditory
system have been explained in terms of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions, edge theory,
and discordant theory. Those present in the central auditory system have been explained in terms
of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the auditory plasticity theory, the crosstalk theory, the somatosensory
system, and the limbic and autonomic nervous systems. Treatments for tinnitus include
pharmacotherapy, cognitive and behavioral therapy, sound therapy, music therapy, tinnitus retraining
therapy, massage and stretching, and electrical suppression. This paper reviews the characteristics,
causes, mechanisms, and treatments of tinnitus.

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