축구선수의 스포츠 지능은 선천적인가? 후천적인가? 초등학생 축구선수와 비 선수 간 학년별 인지기능 차이분석

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of the study was to investigate grade-dependent differences in sports intelligence between elementary school soccer players and non-players. The participants comprised 25 fifth-grade and 25 sixth-grade elementary school soccer players, alongside an equal number of non-athlete counterparts within the same age range, totaling 100 individuals. Various measures of sports intelligence, including simple reaction test, choice reaction test, Flanker task, Trail-making test, Design fluency task, and Whole-body reaction test, were used. Results revealed significant interaction effects between groups (players, non-players) and grades (fifth, sixth grade) in the accuracy and reaction time (RT) of choice reaction tests, congruent stimuli RT of Flanker test, and A-type completion time in the Tail-making task. Soccer players demonstrated superior information processing speed, accuracy, selective inhibition abilities, and visual-spatial abilities in the sixth grade compared to the fifth grade, while such grade-related differences were not evident among non-players. This suggests that one year of soccer training may enhance selective information processing speed, accuracy, selective inhibition abilities, and visual-spatial abilities in childhood soccer players. Regardless of grade, soccer players exhibited faster whole-body RT than non-players, implying that becoming a soccer player might be attributed more to inherent faster RT in large muscles. Considering the comparison between fifth and sixth grades in this study, there are limitations in precisely delineating the effects of soccer training. Therefore, we hope that future longitudinal research will elucidate the innate and acquired factors specific to soccer-related sports intelligence, aiming to serve as foundational information for the identification and selection of future soccer prodigies and player recruitment.