Chinese Foreign Aid Belief Systems: Comparing 1958–1961 and Today

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article compares detailed descriptions of authoritative, policy-adjacent Chinese thinking about foreign aid, from 1958–1961 and today. It finds important differences, with a now greater acknowledged similarity between Western and Chinese aid as a powerful diplomatic, security and economic policy tool. However, overall there is remarkable consistency, suggesting salient carryovers in Chinese aid thinking. Notably, the giving and receiving of aid takes place within an overarching relationship-focused dialectical framework, understood from a perspective of Chinese socialist exceptionalism in opposition to Western (neo-)imperialist hegemony. Hence, there is a symmetry to the conceptualizations of Chinese and Western aid, with both seeking autonomy and power, overlaid with a stark asymmetry in essentialised motives.

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