고려의 몽골전쟁과 기마전

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present study examined chivalry battles between Goryeo and Mongolia. According to the results when it attacked a fortress the Mongolian Army used the tactics of taking the fortresses swiftly with stone artillery fire artillery and crashing machines(衝車). On the contrary the Goryeo Army defended the wall through clearing the field with no food left(淸野守成) and established a cooperative system with surrounding walls. Since the 3rd War when the capital was transferred to Ganghwa do the Goryeo Army faced the Mongolian Army at mountain walls and islands.
Against Mongolian Army's destructive siege strategies the Goryeo Army reacted in two ways. First the defending army waged a chivalry battle outside the Anbuk Wall but was defeated. However General Park Seo concentrated on defending the Gwiju Wall and watching for a chance he launched a unit of chivalry outside the wall and made surprise attacks. His strategy was successful.
In 1232 the Goryeo government transferred the capital to Ganghwa do and issued the command of'Sanseonghaedoipbo(山城海島入保),' which meant'Escape into a mountain wall or an island if finding Mongolian forces,' and at the same time installed Sanseong Banghobyeolgam(山城防護別監). People who took refuge the Gwangju Wall and the Cheoin Wall waged a chivalry battle with a Mongolian force and won a great victory. In the 3rd War the Mongolian Army attacked the northwest region and the northeast region at the same time aiming to occupy the whole country. Then the Goryeo Army maintained the strategy of defending mountain walls and at the same time made raids at night using small units of chivalry.
In order to take the Jukju Wall the Mongolian Army approached the wall with oil pine wood and dry straws. Then the Goryeo Army inside the wall opened the gate and its chivalry made a raid all at once. In addition special units in the wall including those armed with hatchets killed Mongolian soldiers countlessly through close combats.
In the 5th War in October 1253 the Mongolian Army surrounded the Chungju Wall for around 70 days but Banghobyeolgam Kim Yoon hoo(金允侯) defeated it in cooperation with a unit of low class soldiers(賤民軍) in the Chungju Wall. Instead of concentrating defending the Chungju Wall he ambushed chivalry outside the wall and confronted the approaching enemies. On the other hand in the 6th War when Charade attacked the Chungiu Wall in September 1254 the Goryeo Army defeated them by launching chivalry taking advantages of an opportune storm.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 고려군과 몽골군의 攻城戰을 통해 본 기마전
• Ⅲ. 山城海島入保策 이후 지방민의 항쟁과 기마전
• Ⅳ. 몽골군의 제3차~제6차 침입을 통해 본 기마전
• Ⅴ. 맺음말
• Abstract