A Study of New England Transcendentalism in Relation to Rationalism, Romanticism and Oriental Philosophy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In order to correct a few seemingly biased misapprehension and to help better understand the essence of Transcendentalism in New England, this study will begin with a brief discussion of the intellectual, religious, and literary milieu of Europe and New England in the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries. It is only in their lightㅡor as a part of themㅡthat the story of American Transcendentalism can be understood. Then, for the purpose of making amends for some scholars’ biased viewpoints on which they perceived the Transcendental movement as a literary phenomenon and regarded it merely as the manifestation of the International European Romantic movement, the study will focus on examining the differences between the Romantics and the New England Transcendentalist. It is because, unlike Romanticism, New England Transcendentalism was not merely a literary movement, nor a religious or social movement. Rather, it was a movement that encompassed the endeavors of a whole generation. Lastly, all the major American Transcendentalists were highly receptive to Oriental philosophy. Emerson, Thoreau, and Whitman were the major exponents of Oriental thought in America. In order to explain the root and nature of Orientalism in New England Transcendentalism, a last section of this study will be devoted to the description of the Oriental influences on the Transcendentalists.

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