Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of liner treatment on the optical properties of the restoration when fabricating maxillary central incisor implant-fixed prosthesis using multicolored lithium disilicate blocks and multil...
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of liner treatment on the optical properties of the restoration when fabricating maxillary central incisor implant-fixed prosthesis using multicolored lithium disilicate blocks and multilayer zirconia blocks. and, also the effect of using titanium abutments or zirconia abutments on fracture strength when applying crowns made from each block.
Materials and methods: Lithium disilicate Amber Mill Direct(AMD) A2 shade blocks were cut to 12 × 12 × 1.2 ㎜ and Omega multi(OM) A2 shade zirconia disk blocks were cut to 14 × 12 × 1.2 ㎜. And both polished to prepare 30 plate-shaped specimens each. They were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the application of the liner treatment: G1-untreated(n=10); G2-liner treated(n=10); G3-liner treated with color stained(n=10). CIE L*a*b* values were measured under a black and a white background using a spectrophotometer, and the translucency parameter(TP) and the contrast ratio(CR) were evaluated. The abutments were custom designed by the cutback state using a right maxillary central incisor model. 24 titanium(Ti) abutments and 12 zirconia(Zr) abutments were milled using CAD/CAM milling machine. The prepared Ti abutments were randomly divided into 2 groups; G1-Ti abutment+OM crown(n=12); G2-Ti abutment+AMD crown(n=12), and Zr abutment group; G3-Zr abutment+AMD crown(n=12). The abutment+crown specimen was fixed to the holding device at an angle of 30°, mounted on a Universal testing machine and then compressive force was applied to the center of the crown at a crosshead speed of 1.0 ㎜/min to measure the fracture load. Data was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey(α= 0.05) and Weibull distribution.
Results: In the cross-section of the crown specimens of each test group cut in the longitudinal direction, the color of both AMD and OM specimens showed changes depending on the thickness, but the grains did not show a clear difference. After liner treated on OM specimen, the L* value increased on both white and black backgrounds, the a* value increased toward the + side, and the b* value decreased on the white background but increased on the black background. This also showed similar results when liner treated with color stained. After liner treated on AMD specimen, the L* value did not show a clear difference on a white background, but increased on a black background. The a* value increased toward the + side on both white and black backgrounds, and the b* value was significantly increased toward the + side on the white background. This also showed similar results when liner treated with color stained. In the untreated group, the translucency parameter(TP) values were 8.43 ± 0.15 and 16.91 ± 0.40 for OM and AMD specimens, respectively, which were significantly higher in the AMD specimen(p<0.05). In the liner treated group, OM and AMD specimens showed similar results, 4.43 ± 0.48 and 4.36 ± 0.40, respectively. All groups that liner treated with color stained had increased TP values compared to the only liner treated group. The CR value showed a large change in the AMD group during liner treatment, but a small change in the OM group. The untreated OM and AMD specimens were overlaid on a dentin specimen, and the liner-treated and tinted liner specimens were overlaid on a Ti plate-shaped specimen. The color difference values measured were 5.98 ± 0.10 and 4.42 ± 0.10 for the OM and AMD specimens, respectively. The color difference was reduced to after adding staing to the liner in both OM and AMD group. The Weibull distribution tended to match the single mode well(r²>0.86), and the Weibull coefficient was 17.500 in the Ti abutment+AMD crown group, which was higher than the other two groups. The average fracture strength of the crown was 283.581 ± 43.691 N, 501.520 ± 30.696 N, and 548.025 ± 77.872 N in the Zr abutment+AMD crown, Ti abutment+AMD crown, and Ti abutment+OM crown groups, respectively. There was a significant difference between the Zr abutment group and the Ti abutment group(p<0.05). After the fracture test, fracture of the AMD crown was observed in the Zr abutment+AMD crown group. However, in the Ti abutment group, only the crack line of the crown was observed and no fracture occurred.
Conclusion: For implant supported fixed prostheses in areas requiring esthetics, selecting a Ti abutment and lithium disilicate crown, and masking the color of the abutment through liner treatment could be a good option that satisfies both esthetics and fracture resistance.