인지적 처리과정과 정서 문제 및 정서 조절의 관계 = The relationship between cognitive processing and emotional problems and emotion regulation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper explores the impact of cognitive vulnerability and emotion regulation on emotional problems, focusing in particular on cognitive processing. Emotional problems such as depression and anxiety are common mental health problems that affect many people. Many studies have shown that cognitive vulnerability plays an important role in the onset and chronicity of these disorders. Cognitive vulnerability refers to certain cognitive patterns or processes that increase an individual's vulnerability to experiencing emotional disorders when exposed to stressors or negative events. Cognitive vulnerability can lead to emotional problems through emotion regulation and relationships, and it can be particularly prominent in the 20s, when cognition and emotion regulation are developing. This study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of how various cognitive processes, especially verbal and nonverbal cognitive processes, mediate emotion regulation and contribute to emotional problems.
This study is divided into three parts, but they are connected, and each part addresses key research questions about cognitive processes and emotion regulation. The preliminary research is centered on scale validation, which ensures that the instruments used to measure cognitive processes and emotional symptoms are reliable and valid in the target population. This research is foundational to ensure that subsequent research findings are built on a strong methodological foundation. It has provided a solid framework for investigating cognitive vulnerability and emotional disorders by identifying the psychometric properties of the K-IFES.
Study 1 was conducted to explore the impact of cognitive processing on emotion regulation and emotional symptoms. Specifically, intrusive prospective imagery and rumination are considered to play a role in cognitive vulnerability because they are activated in response to emotional stimuli and can lead to negative outcomes. However, in the case of worry, many studies argue that worry is a cognitive vulnerability associated with anxiety (Dugas, Gagnon, Ladouceur, & Freeston, 1998; Ouimet, Gawronski, & Dozois, 2009; Watkins, Moulds, & Mackintosh, 2005). Despite showing such tendencies in attention bias, worry can act as an avoidance strategy for regulating emotions in the context of interpretive bias (Sibrava, & Borkovec, 2006). This suggests that worry may act as a covariate in elucidating the effects of cognitive vulnerability and emotion regulation, and that further investigation of its influence is needed. This study also aimed to investigate the effects of cognitive processing and emotion regulation on emotional symptoms. The results showed that cognitive processing had different effects, and identified the effects of cognitive avoidance and hopelessness.
Study 2 aimed to explore the role of emotion regulation in the process of cognitive processing manifesting as emotional symptoms. Previous studies have shown that cognitive processing can have a direct effect on emotional symptoms, but this effect can be exacerbated if reflective processing through emotion regulation fails (Aldao, Nolen-Hoeksema, & Schweizer, 2010; Beevers, 2005). However, most studies (e.g., Stange, Alloy, Flynn, & Abramson, 2013; Teasdale, 1988) have focused on cognitive vulnerabilities associated with specific disorders, which requires an integrated approach and can provide evidence for prevention and prevention of chronicity in the emotionally vulnerable age group of 20s. Therefore, this study aimed to generalize the cognitive vulnerability model to identify the pathways through which cognitive processing leads to general emotional problems. The difficulty in emotion regulation was hypothesized to mediate the effects of verbal and nonverbal cognitive processing on depression and anxiety. As a result, we identified a direct effect of cognitive processing and an indirect path through which difficulties in emotion regulation negatively mediate anxiety, and we verified the direct effects of cognitive processing on depression and anxiety. In addition, we found that among the subscales of emotion regulation difficulties that showed mediating effects, lack of emotion recognition and difficulty in goal-directed behavior mediated rumination and anxiety in different directions. In addition, emotional dysregulation was found to moderate the relationship between cognitive vulnerability and anxiety symptoms.
The results of this study should be interpreted in consideration of the following limitations. First, the data were mainly collected through self-report questionnaires, which may have been affected by the respondents' subjective bias or memory distortion. This may limit the accuracy of the measures related to emotional experience and cognitive processing. Using objective psychological assessment or observational data may help to address this issue.
Second, the sample was limited to a specific age group or population, limiting the generalizability of the results. This study focused mainly on the adult population, and therefore did not fully explore the effects of cognitive processing on pathological emotions across various age groups, such as adolescents and the elderly. Future studies should include a wider range of groups.
Third, the cross-sectional design of this study limits the ability to clearly establish causality. To better understand the process by which cognitive processing causes or maintains pathological emotions, longitudinal studies that analyze the long-term effects of verbal and non-verbal processing on pathological emotions are needed.
Fourth, a more detailed explanation of the mechanistic pathways supporting the interaction between cognitive processing and emotional symptoms discussed in this study is needed. Future research, including the role of mental representations and neuroscientific mechanisms, will provide a deeper understanding of the impact of cognitive processing on pathological emotions.
In conclusion, this paper makes a significant contribution to the existing literature by contributing to the understanding of the nuances of how cognitive processing affects emotional disorders through difficulties in emotion regulation. This paper emphasizes the need for a personalized therapeutic approach that considers individual differences in cognitive style and its impact on emotional health. The results of this study not only advance theoretical knowledge, but also have practical implications for the treatment and prevention of emotional disorders, particularly through targeted interventions targeting cognitive processing patterns, and emotion regulation.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 8
• 1. 정서 문제 8
• 1) 병리적 정서 8
• 2) 우울증 9
• 3) 불안증 10
• 4) 정서 문제에 영향을 미치는 요인들 12
• 2. 정서장애의 인지적 취약성 13
• 1) 취약성 모형 13
• 2) 인지적 취약성 이론의 발전 16
• (1) 인지적 취약성과 인지적 편향 16
• (2) 인지적 취약성의 행동적, 현상학적 측면 18
• 3) 인지적 취약성을 통합하여 설명하는 이론들 22
• (1) Beck의 도식 모형(Schema model) 22
• (2) Ingram의 정보처리분석 모형(Information processing analysis model) 23
• (3) Williams, Watts, MacLeod와 Mathews 모형 23
• (4) 손상된 인지적 통제력 모형(Impaired cognitive control model) 24
• (5) Beevers의 이중처리과정 모형(A dual process model) 25
• (6) 인지적 취약성에 대한 최신 관점 27
• 4) 인지적 취약성의 발달 28
• 3. 인지적 처리과정과 인지적 취약성 29
• 1) 심적 표상과 인지적 처리과정 29
• (1) 언어적 처리과정 30
• (2) 비언어적 처리과정 32
• 4. 인지적 처리과정과 정서 문제 33
• 1) 언어적 처리과정과 정서 문제 33
• 2) 심상 처리과정과 정서 문제 34
• 3) 병리적 심상의 측정도구 36
• 4) 인지적 처리과정이 정서 문제에 영향을 미치는 방식 39
• 5. 인지적 처리과정과 정서조절 41
• 1) 인지적 처리과정과 정서조절 41
• 2) 정서조절 곤란과 정서 문제 43
• (1) 정서조절 처리과정에 따른 정서 문제 43
• (2) 초기 성인기에서의 정서조절 45
• 3) 인지적 처리과정과 정서조절, 정서장애 46
• 4. 연구 문제 47
• Ⅲ. 연구 1. 정서 증상에 대한 영향요인 분석 51
• i. 예비연구. 한국판 미래사건충격척도 타당화 연구: 병리적 심상 평가하기1) 51
• 1. 방법 52
• 1) 연구참가자 및 절차 52
• 2) 측정 도구 53
• (1) 한국판 단축된 자기보고형 MINI 53
• (2) 한국어판 벡 우울척도 2판(K-BDI-II) 53
• (3) 한국어판 벡 불안척도(K-BAI) 54
• (4) 한국어판 벡 절망척도(K-BHS) 54
• (5) 한국판 미래사건충격척도(K-IFES) 54
• (6) 자발적 심상 활용 척도(SUIS) 55
• (7) 심상능력척도(QMI) 55
• (8) 한국판 삶의 만족도 척도(K-SWLS) 55
• (9) 한국판 반추적 반응양식척도(K-RRS) 55
• (10) 기분장애질문지(K-MDQ) 56
• (11) 한국판 펜실베니아 걱정증상 질문지(K-PSWQ) 56
• (12) 한국판 인지적 회피척도(K-CAQ) 56
• 3) 자료 분석 56
• 2. 결과 58
• 1) 인구통계학적 분석 58
• 2) 문항 분석 및 신뢰도 분석 59
• 3) Rasch 모형을 통한 문항적합도 추정 61
• 4) 탐색적 요인분석 63
• 5) 수렴 및 변별타당도 67
• 6) 민감도 및 특이도 분석 70
• (1) MINI로 분류한 결과 70
• (2) 정서 문제 호소군과 대조군에 대한 결과 71
• 3. 논의 73
• ii. 연구 1. 정서 증상과 정서조절에 대한 인지적 처리과정의 역할 탐색 80
• 1. 방법 81
• 1) 참가자 81
• 2) 측정 도구 81
• (1) 한국어판 벡 우울척도 2판(K-BDI-II) 81
• (2) 한국어판 벡 불안척도(K-BAI) 82
• (3) 한국어판 벡 절망척도(K-BHS) 82
• (4) 한국판 미래사건충격척도(K-IFES) 82
• (5) 한국판 반추적 반응양식척도(K-RRS) 82
• (6) 한국판 펜실베니아 걱정증상 질문지(K-PSWQ) 83
• (7) 한국판 인지적 회피척도(K-CAQ) 83
• 3) 자료 분석 83
• 2. 결과 84
• 1) 인지적 처리과정이 정서 증상에 미치는 영향 84
• 2) 인지적 처리과정이 인지적 회피에 미치는 영향 88
• 3) 인지적 처리과정이 절망감에 미치는 영향 90
• 4) 인지적 처리과정과 절망감, 인지적 회피가 정서 증상에 미치는 영향 92
• 3. 논의 95
• Ⅳ. 연구 2. 인지적 처리과정과 정서증상의 관계에서 정서조절 곤란의 매개효과 103
• 1. 방법 105
• 1) 참가자 105
• 2) 측정 도구 105
• (1) 한국판 미래사건충격척도(K-IFES) 105
• (2) 한국어판 벡 우울척도 2판(K-BDI-II) 105
• (3) 한국어판 벡 불안척도(K-BAI) 105
• (4) 한국판 반추적 반응양식척도(K-RRS) 106
• (5) 정서조절곤란 척도(K-DERS) 106
• 3) 자료 분석 106
• 2. 결과 107
• 1) 측정 변인의 기술통계와 상관관계 107
• 2) K-IFES의 확인적 요인분석 108
• 3) 위계적 회귀분석을 통한 변인 간 관계 탐색 110
• 4) 측정모형 검증 113
• 5) 연구모형 검증 118
• (1) 연구모형과 경쟁모형의 비교 118
• (2) 연구모형의 경로분석 및 매개효과 검증 118
• 6) 정서조절곤란 척도(K-DERS) 하위요인의 매개효과 121
• (1) 반추와 불안의 관계에서 정서조절 곤란 척도의 하위요인별 매개효과 121
• (2) 연구모형의 경로분석 및 매개효과 검증 122
• 7) 정서조절 곤란의 조절효과 123
• (1) 반추와 불안의 관계에서 정서조절 곤란의 조절효과 123
• (2) 침습적 심상과 불안의 관계에서 정서조절 곤란의 조절효과 125
• 3. 논의 128
• Ⅵ. 종합 논의 140
• 참 고 문 헌 151
• 부 록 180
• ABSTRACT 201