우리나라 부인(婦人)의 피임실패임신(避姙失敗妊娠)과 인공임신중절(人工姙娠中絶)에 관한 연구(硏究) = A Study of Contraceptive Failure Pregnancy and Induced Abortion in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Korean family planning program was initiated in 1962 by the government and it has been carried out for about 30 years as an integral part of a series of five-year economic development plans. Owing partly to strong population control measures, Korea was able to achieve its demographic transition within a relatively short period and has reached a below-replacement level of fertility far in advance of what demographers had predicted.
According to the 1991 National Fertility and Family Planning Survey conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs(KlHASA) , the total fertility rate(TFR) was 1.6 in 1990, and the contraceptive practice rate(CPR) was 79.4 percent. Despite the success of the family planning program, there have been a number of weaknesses in program quality and use effectiveness.
Especially, in spite of the high contraceptive practice rate, the induced abortion rate among married women aged 20 to 44 increased from 1.6 per woman in 1987 to 1.9 in 1990, particularly for those in their 20s. The primary reason for the high induced abortion rate is that the family planning programs in some developed countries which were designed to help improve the quality. of the population. We can think, therefore, of contraceptive failure pregnancy and induced abortion as side effects of the family planning program.
According to the 1991 Survey， 10.9 percent of all pregnancies were due to contraceptive failure, and this was higher among women in urban areas, those with recent pregnancy experience, with many children at the time of pregnancy and among the highly educated.
All pregnancies result in birth (Jive or still births) or abortion (induced abortion or spontaneous abortion). Viewed from the outcomes of normal pregnancies, birth, including live and still births, was 67.9 % and induced abortion 24.5 %, but pregnancy due to contraceptive failure stood at 16.2 % while there were 79.4 % induced abortions, so outcomes showed a great gap among pregnancy types.
What are the outcomes of the contraceptive failure pregnancies by women`s characteristics? The induced abortion ratio was higher in urban .than in rural areas and for those with recent pregnancy experience than in earlier times, this was also true for those with many children compared with those With few children at the time of pregnancy, and for the highly educated compared with those with little education.
According to a logistic regression analysis, major factors which affect the outcome of pregnancy due to contraceptive failure were residence area, number of boys, educational level, duration of marriage, women`s age and number of children.
One of the major functions of family planning is to prevent induced abortion as wel1 as unwanted pregnancies, which means getting rid of the source of risks for maternal health. There are, however, many problems in this area in our family planning program. In order to overcome these weaknesses in the national family planning program, the fol1owing areas must be considered : 1) management must be expanded not. only to the high fertility age group of the 20s but to the 30s group when child bearing is stopped ; 2) the current program management and operation system must be improved to enhance the quality of program services ; 3) contraceptive practice must be improved by providing appropriate methods which are adaptable to current life-styles and are able to maximize marital statisfaction ; 4) the target groups have .to be women in urban rather than in rural areas, especially highly educated women in urban areas: 5) physical and mental risks due to induced abortion have to be explained to all age groups.
In accomplishing the above, the population control policy and family planning program in Korea will real1y become the most successful one in the world.