키토산은 천연에 존재하는 풍부한 고분자 다당류이며 동시에 항균작용, 항암작용, 면역 활성 증강 작용 등 다양한 생리 기능성을 가진 생체 물질(biomaterial)이다. 그러나 키토산은 수용액에 ...
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https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A106621295
2020
Korean
594
KCI등재
학술저널
2-32(31쪽)
0
0
상세조회0
다운로드국문 초록 (Abstract)
키토산은 천연에 존재하는 풍부한 고분자 다당류이며 동시에 항균작용, 항암작용, 면역 활성 증강 작용 등 다양한 생리 기능성을 가진 생체 물질(biomaterial)이다. 그러나 키토산은 수용액에 ...
키토산은 천연에 존재하는 풍부한 고분자 다당류이며 동시에 항균작용, 항암작용, 면역 활성 증강 작용 등 다양한 생리 기능성을 가진 생체 물질(biomaterial)이다. 그러나 키토산은 수용액에 쉽게 용해되지 않고 체내 흡수율도 매우 낮은 고분자 물질이기 때문에 그 자체로는 생체 내에서 기능을 발휘하지 못한다. 따라서 체내 흡수율이 용이하고 보다 다양한 생리 활성을 나타내는 키토산올리고당으로 섭취할 필요가 있다.
키토산으로부터 키토산올리고당을 만드는 방법은 온화한 조건에서 부반응이 없는 효소분해가 가장 이상적이다. 그러나 키토산을 분해시킬 수 있는 효소의 가격이 매우 비싸고 효소 활성이 낮아 산업적으로 효소를 이용하여 키토산올리고당을 대량 생산하는데는 경제적으로 큰 문제가 있었다. 따라서 효소 분해에 의한 키토산올리고당의 생산을 산업적으로 적용시켰을 때 대량으로 소모되는 효소의 높은 생산 비용을 경감하기 위하여 효소의 재이용을 위한 생산 시스템을 도입하였고 한외여과막과 효소반응기를 결합시킨 한외여과막 효소반응기를 키토산올리고당의 생산에 적용시킴으로써 대량 생산이 가능해졌다. 이 시스템은 사용하는 막의 종류에 따라 원하는 분자량의 키토산올리고당을 생산 할 수 있어 분자량 크기에 따라 생체 내에서 다른 생리기능을 나타내는 키토산올리고당을 각기 목적에 맞는 제품으로 대량 생산할 수 있다.
키토산올리고당은 암세포 성장에 영향을 미치는 면역을 증진시키고 암 전이 관련 효소인 MMP-2 및 MMP-9의 발현을 저지하여 암 전이를 억제할 뿐만 아니라 암세포의 신생 혈관형성을 억제하므로 암의 예방이나 치료에 활용될 수 있다. 또한 키토산 올리고당은 생체 노화를 촉진시키는 초과산화 라디칼, 히드록시라디칼, 과산화 라디칼과 같은 활성산소종을 소거시킴으로써 활성산소종에 의해 유발되는 질환도 예방한다.
더 나아가서, 키토산올리고당은 양전하를 가진 아미노기를 갖고 있어 미생물 세포막의 음전하와 결합하여 세포막의 기능을 상실시킴으로써 막을 통해 출입하는 대사에 필요한 물질들을 봉쇄한다. 이것은 미생물의 성장과 증식을 감소시키는 효과가 있어 식품분야에서도 천연 보존제로서 활용될 것으로 기대된다.
지금까지 고혈압 및 심장 질환의 치료는 레닌-엔지오텐신 시스템(RAS)경로의 치료조작(mani pulator) 및 ACE 저해에 초점이 맞추어져 왔다. Captopril, Enalapril, Alcacepril 및 Lisinopril같은 합성 ACE 저해제는 고혈압 치료 및 예방을 위해서도 널리 사용되고 있으나 기침, 알레르기 반응, 맛 장애 및 피부발진과 같은 부작용을 야기시킬 위험이 있다. 그러므로 고혈압의 치료나 관리를 위한 치료제로서 자연계에 존재하는 천연성분인 키토산올리고당이 바람직한 대안으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.
고령 사회로 진입하면서 노인의 치매 발병률은 현저하게 증가하는 추세이나 아직까지 효과가 뛰어난 치매치료제는 개발되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 키토산올리고당이 치매유발효소인 베타-세크레테이즈뿐만 아니라 아세틸콜린 에스테르가수분해효소를 저해하고, 산화에 의한 뇌세포의 손상을 저해하는 효능이 있는 것으로 밝혀져 앞으로 치매 예방이나 치료에 적극적으로 활용되어야 한다.
최근에 소비자나 환자들은 다양한 부작용을 낳는 화학적으로 합성된 의약품을 기피하는 경향이 있어 자연식품이나 천연 생리기능성 물질과 자가치료에 대한 욕구가 높아지고 있다. 그러므로 의약품에 비해 다소 효능이 낮을지라도 특정한 질병의 예방이나 치료를 위해 특수한 생리 기능성 물질의 섭취는 더욱 더 인기를 끌게 될 것이다. 따라서 항암, 항산화, 항염증, 항균, 항고혈압, 항치매, 항당뇨, 항알레르기 등 다양한 생리활성을 나타내는 키토산올리고당을 활용한 건강기능성식품(nutraceuticals), 의약품(pharmaceuticals) 및 기능성 화장품(cosmeceuticals) 등 다양한 제품이 개발될 것으로 기대된다.
다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)
In recent years, significant importance has been given to chitooligosaccharides (COS) due to its potent notable biological applications. COS can be derived from chitosan which is commonly produced by partially hydrolyzed products from crustacean shell...
In recent years, significant importance has been given to chitooligosaccharides (COS) due to its potent notable biological applications. COS can be derived from chitosan which is commonly produced by partially hydrolyzed products from crustacean shells. In order to produce COS, there are several approaches including chemical and enzymatic methods which are the two most common choices. In this regard, several new methods were intended to be promoted which use the enzymatic hydrolysis with a lower cost and desired properties. Hence, the dual reactor system has gained more attention than other newly developed technologies. Enzymatic hydrolysis derived COS possesses important biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-hypersentive, anti-dementia (Altzheimer’s disease), anti-diabeties, anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory, etc. Results strongly suggest that properties of COS can be potential materials for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical product development.
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