How Forward‐Scattering Snow and Terrain Change the Alpine Radiation Balance With Application to Solar Panels

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Rough terrain in mid‐ and high latitudes is often covered with highly reflective snow, giving rise to a very complex transfer of incident sunlight. In order to simplify the radiative transfer in weather and climate models, snow is generally treated as an isotropically reflecting material. We develop a new model of radiative transfer over mountainous terrain, which considers for the first time the forward scattering properties of snow. Combining ground‐measured meteorological data and high resolution digital elevation models, we show that the forward scattering peak of snow leads to a strong local redistribution of incident terrain reflected radiation. In particular, the effect of multiple terrain reflections is enhanced. While local effects are large, area‐wide albedo is only marginally decreased. In addition, we show that solar panels on snowy ground can clearly benefit from forward scattering, helping to maximize winter electricity production.



Forward scattering of light by snow rewards slopes facing the sun at the expense of shady slopes

Forward scattering amplifies the multiple scattering and increases terrain‐wide irradiance

Forward scattering increases the potential for winter solar panel yield in mountainous terrain


Forward scattering of light by snow rewards slopes facing the sun at the expense of shady slopes
Forward scattering amplifies the multiple scattering and increases terrain‐wide irradiance
Forward scattering increases the potential for winter solar panel yield in mountainous terrain