20세기 韓國 國家主義의 起源 = The Origin of Stateism in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Stateism(國家主義) is the assertion that the state power is superior to the right or freedom of an individual, and hence cannot go with liberalism. During the 20th centurv, stateism exerted stronger influence on the society of Korea than the liberalism. In this paper, it was examined how the stateism has been developed in Korea during the early 20th century.
Stateism in Korea was deeply rooted in the theory of organic state which was dominant during the years of Korean Empire, and also in the theory of organic nation(minjok) which was popular during the 1910s and 1920s. Stateism in Korea supported the idea that nation(minjok) was not just a population of individuals, but a unique entity with its own characteristics. During the 1930s, Fascism flourished in Europe and in Japan, and Korean society was under the influence of it. Japanese Ultra-nationalism in particular, forced people both in Korea and in Japan to make pledges to be loyal to the Japanese king and Japan. It provided a good foundation for the burgeoning of stateism in Korea. Some Intellectuals in Korea like Yi Gwang-su or Choe Jae-seo, to name a few, were well assimilated into the idea of Fascism and ultra-nationalism because they already developed a strong preference for collectivism and nationalism.
Yi Beom-seok, who participated in the independence movement in China, was also influenced by ultra-nationalism of Chinese Youth Party. Ahn Ho-sang, who was a student abroad in Germany, was influenced by Fascism as well. In 1946, they organized National Youth Association under the slogan of ultra-nationalism. Some other nationalists, historians and politicians participated in this organization. They argued that the nation had to be given a supreme power.
Rhee Syngman, the first President of R.O.K., suggested that Ilminism(一民主義) could be an ideal alternative for Korea. Ilminism gives priority to state and nation(minjok). Ahn Ho-sang, the first minister of education, supported the ideology of Ilminism. Rhee Syngman and Ahn Ho-sang criticized not only communism but also capitalism. However they advocated capitalistic ownership, just as Fascist did in 1930s. After the Korean War, Ilminism seemed to disappear as the anti-communism gained more power as a leading ideology in Korea. But in fact, the influence of stateism in Korea was maintained until 1980s.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 한말~1920년대의 국가관과 민족관
• Ⅲ. 1930년대 전반 이광수 ? 신흥우의 파시즘 수용
• Ⅳ. 중일전쟁 이후 일본 파시즘과 초국가주의 수용
• Ⅴ. 해방 직후 민족청년단의 민족지상ㆍ국가지상주의
• Ⅵ. 정부수립 후 이승만ㆍ안호상의 一民主義
• Ⅶ. 맺음말
• 〈ABSTRACT〉