데리다와 아감벤의 인간/동물관계에 근거한 윤리학과 정치학에 대한 연구 = A Study of Ethics and Politics Based on Derrida's and Agamben's Human/Animal Relation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper aims to interpret Jacques Derrida's and Giorgio Agamben's ethical and political projects in terms of human/animal relations. They maintain that division of human/animal has been produced by operations of 'conceptual machinery'(Derrida) or 'anthropological machinery'(Agamben). In either case, the division has been established through the sacrifice of animals by the 'particular' species, humans. Conceptual and anthropological machinery has been instituted as the 'sacrificial structure.' Human/animal relations began with the 'initial violence' to animals. Derrida's acknowledgment that sacrifice is inevitable in any case leads him to thinking about institutions founded on 'the least violence.' Agamben claims the necessity to sever any 'nexus' or 'joint' that links human/animal life to institutions based on sacrifice.
In Derrida, 're-founding' or 'inventing' a new 'least bad' institution starts with the coming animal others. The coming others make the machinery 'out of joint' which will drive humans to 'invent' a 'least bad law and politics.' Thus arises inevitable negotiations between the coming others and the existing machinery. Derrida will wait for the others to come and after that he can try any new political projects. The problem in Derrida seems to be that coming others can be used to serve the existing machinery just by providing opportunities to make the machinery work more effectively, less violently. Derrida would not give up the idea of improvement with all his deconstructive strategies.
Agamben tries to just render any institutional divisions 'in-opera-tive.' By 'severing the nexus' in the machinery that has produced divisions, inclusion/exception, everything will return to its 'original context' in which no sacrificial exclusion was instituted. Instead of proposing any alternative institutions which will lead to the same stalemate as before, Agamben's political action of 'division of divisions' is just to return everything to its original 'free usage.' Following Benjamin, Agamben believes a possibility of 'happy life' could arise from 'free usage' of things liberated from the machinery. The 'coming community' can start with the free and liberated things. Agamben's project can open a totally revolutionary possibility.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 구자광, "＂도래할 민주주의＂: 지젝 vs. 데리다" 한국라깡과현대정신분석학회 10 (10): 7-26, 2008

2 조르조 아감벤, "호모 사케르: 주권 권력과 벌거벗은 생명" 새물결 2008

3 Derrida, Jacques, "Writing and Difference" U of Chicago P 1978

4 Webster, Noah, "Webster’s New Twentieth Century Dictionary" Collins World 1977

5 Benjamin, Walter, "Theses on the Philosophy of History" Schocken Books 253-264, 1969

6 Agamben, Giorgio, "The Time that Remains: a Commentary on the Letter to the Romans" Stanford UP 2005

7 Agamben, Giorgio, "The Open: Man and Animal" Stanford UP 2004

8 Hägglund, Martin, "The Necessity of Discrimination: Disjoining Derrida and Levinas" 34 (34): 40-71, 2006

9 Agamben, Giorgio, "The Idea of Prose. Trans. Michael Sullivan and Sam Whitsitt" SUNY Press 1995

10 Derrida, Jacques, "The Gift of Death" U of Chicago P 1995

11 Agamben, Giorgio, "The Coming Community. Trans. Michael Hardt" U of Minnesota P 1993

12 Derrida, Jacques, "The Animal That Therefore I Am. Ed. Marie-Louise Mallet" Fordham UP 2008

13 Agamben, Giorgio, "State of Exception & Giorgio Agamben" U of Chicago P 2005

14 Derrida, Jacques, "Specters of Marx: The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning, and the New International" Routledge 1994

15 Agamben, Giorgio, "Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive" Zone Books 1999

16 Agamben, Giorgio, "Potentialities: Collected Essays in Philosophy" Stanford UP 1999

17 Žižek, Slavoy, "Organs without Bodies: Deleuze and Consequences" Routledge 2004

18 Derrida, Jacques, "On the Name" Stanford UP 1995

19 Derrida, Jacques, "On the Gift. in:God, the Gift, and Postmodernism" Indiana UP 54-78, 1999

20 Derrida, Jacques, "On Cosmopolitanism and Forgiveness" Routledge 2002

21 Derrida, Jacques, "Of Hospitality" Stanford UP 2000

22 Derrida, Jacques, "Negotiations: Interventions and Interviews, 1971-2001" Stanford UP 2002

23 Agamben, Giorgio, "Means without End: Notes on Politics" U of Minnesota P 2000

24 Agamben, Giorgio, "Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life" Stanford UP, 1998

25 Durantaye, Leland de la, "Homo Profanus: Giorgio Agamben’s Profane Philosophy" 35 (35): 27-61, 2008

26 Derrida, Jacques, "Force of Law: The ‘Mystical Foundation of Authority’. in: Acts of Religion" Routledge 230-300, 2002

27 Derrida, Jacques, "For What Tomorrow . . . : A Dialogue" Stanford UP 2004

28 Derrida, Jacques, "Eating Well. in:Points. . . : Interviews, 1974-1994." Stanford UP 255-278, 1995

29 Mills, Catherine, "Agamben’s Messianic Politics: Biopolitics, Abandonment and Happy Life" 5 : 42-62, 2004

30 Derrida, Jacques, "Adieu to Emmanuel Levinas" Stanford UP 1999

31 Derrida, Jacques, "A Discussion with Jacques Derrida"