해방노예의 보통선거권-프랑스 제2공화국 시기 서인도제도 식민지의 선거, 1848-1851- = Universal Suffrage after Slave Emancipation: Elections in the West Indian Colonies under the Second Republic, 1848-1851

국문 초록 (Abstract)

단명한 프랑스 제2공화국이 후세에 남긴 가장 보편적인 유산으로 손꼽히는 것은 보통선거권과 노예해방이다. 하지만 기존 역사학은 제2공화국이 자랑하는 보통선거권을 식민지의 해방노예들 역시 열정적으로 행사했다는 사실에는 별다른 관심을 기울이지 않았다. 이 연구는 프랑스의 서인도제도 식민지인 마르티니크와 과들루프에서 노예해방 후 치러진 두 차례의 선거를 살펴보고, 당시의 사회경제적 문제와 인종적, 계급적 갈등이 어떻게 선거에 투영되었는지 분석한다. 이를 위해 ‘해방자’로 불리는 빅토르 쇨세르와 그 동료들, 식민지의 백인 기득권 세력, 식민당국, 그리고 해방노예를 비롯한 유색인들이 선거에 어떠한 상이한 의미를 부여했는지 살펴봄으로써 선거를 둘러싼 식민지 사회의 갈등을 복원한다. 이를 통해 식민지 주민들이 보통선거권을 어떻게 이해하고 경험했는지 탐구하고, 이 과정에서 이후 식민지의 주요 이념이 된 ‘쇨세르주의’가 나타난 맥락을 규명한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The short-lived French Second Republic is usually remembered for its universalist and idealist legacies: universal suffrage and emancipation of slave. However, the established narratives of the Second Republic failed to consider the fact that the newly liberated slaves had also passionately exercised their right to vote bestowed on them by the principle of universal suffrage. This research examines the two elections that were held during the French Second Republic in the two French West Indian colonies, Martinique and Guadeloupe, and investigates how racial and class conflicts at the time were reflected in those elections. To this end, the study also investigates how different parties, such as Victor Schoelcher (so-called “liberator”) and his allies, privileged ex-planters, colonial authorities, and the men and women of color, interpreted the elections in their own ways. This study will contribute to understanding how colonial people experienced universal suffrage, and how ‘Schoelcherism’ emerged as the main ideology of the two islands’ people of color during the electoral conflicts of this era.

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