Reexamining Housing Inequality and Polarization with New Spatial Housing Index in Korea

국문 초록 (Abstract)

불평등과 양극화 문제는 전 세계적으로 우리사회를 위협하는 매우 심각한 과제이며 지속가능한 사회를 위해서는 반드시 극복해야할 도전과제라는 것에 많은 사회학자들은 동의하며 다양한 연구를 발표해왔다(ⅩⅧ ISA World Congress of Sociology: Facing an Unequal World, 2014). 주거 불평등과 양극화 문제도 예외는 아니다. 이 두가지 현상은 우리나라의 주거불안문제를 야기하는 주요 원인임에도 불구하고 실태를 파악하기 위한 연구방법 조차도 매우 미약한 현실이다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 주거 불평등과 양극화 실태분석의 첫걸음으로 혼용해서 사용되고 있는 지니계수, PIR, QSR(Quintile Share Ratio)의 한계를 극복하고 공간적 특성을 반영할 수 있는 새로운 지표 즉, 공간적 주거 불평등 지표(HWI: House Wealth Index, HAI: Housing Affordability Index)와 공간적 주거 양극화 지표(HWP: Housing Wealth Polarization, HAP: Housing Affordability Polarization)를 제안하였고 이들 지표를 이용해 우리나라 주거 불평등 실태와 주거 양극화 실태를 분석하였으며 공간적 주거불평등의 원인을 판별분석을 통해 찾아내고자 하였다. 기존 혼재되어 있는 지표들로는 설명이 어려웠을 분석결과라고 할 수 있는데 그 결과는 아래와 같다. 첫째, HWI의 지니값은 0.20이고 HAI의 지니값은 0.38로 우리나라는 주택가격에 의한 불평등(HWI)보다 주거부담능력에 의한 불평등(HAI) 정도가 더 심하며 그 수준은 UN-HABITAT가 발표한 임계치 0.40에 육박하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 전국 15개 광역자치단체 주거불평등도는 HWI와 HAI에서 상반된 양상을 보이고 있다. 셋째, HWI의 영향요인으로는 지역 경제여건 변수, 수요와 공급에 의한 주택시장변수로 나타났으며, HAI는 임대료, 주택가격대비 임대료비율, 주택재고량, 인플레이션 등에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, HWP는 3.12배, HAP는 5.93배로 주거 양극화 정도에서도 주거부담능력에서 오는 양극화가 주택가격에서 오는 양극화보다 약 2배 정도 더 심각한 것을 알 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper has proposed spatial housing inequality indexes based on affordability inequality and wealth inequality; analyzed the factors of spatial housing inequality through a multiple discriminant analysis model; and suggested a spatial housing polarization index. The first finding is that housing affordability inequality is more serious than housing wealth inequality between regions. The total HWI is 0.20, but that total HAI is 0.38. The HAI is more serious than the HWI between regions. It is a value close to the inequality threshold reported by UN-HABITAT. The second is that the disparity between regions shows a completely different status in 15 metropolitan areas. Seoul is the largest region (23.8%), followed by Gyeonggi (14.0%), Incheon (12.4%), Gyeongnam (6.1%), and Busan (6.1%). Korea’s affordability inequality concentrated on the top three. The third is that the HWI is weighted relatively heavily by housing market conditions related with the supply and demand compared to economic conditions of regions, while the HAI is heavily weighted by rental price, rent-to-price rate, number of stocks, and inflation. The final finding is that the polarization in housing affordability indicates a more serious problem than that of housing wealth near to double, and the leading group of housing affordability polarization is the top-middle group, and that of housing wealth polarization is the middle-bottom group.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract
• Ⅰ. Introduction
• Ⅱ. Spatial housing inequality
• Ⅲ. The factors of spatial housing inequality
• Ⅳ. Spatial housing polarization
• Ⅴ. Conclusion and policy implication
• References
• Appendix
• 국문요약

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