體育敎科課程의 歷史的 背景에 關한 考察

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Aims of education can be determined according to demands, problems, characteristics and customs of society and the demands of the educated. Therefore, they can be changed under the periodcal, social, national backgrounds and also be varied by the status group in the same period and same society. And the geographical, political, social backgrounds and the contents of education which contribute to the ancient civilization are reviewed in this paper, so the following results are obtained;
(1) The physical subjects were the major contents of education, because in most ancient nations the purpose of education was to raise the strong military force for the defence and security of the nation. But in the case of the secure society the physical subjects were used as the military training subjects or as sports, recreation games of upper-class and noblemen.
(2) The national power practising the intellectual, moral and physical education in harmony was strengthened for a longer time, but the nations emphasizing only on the physical or intellectual education and disregarding the moral education was declined. Especially, the education effects can be obtained if the physical education must be worked with moral, ethical education.
(3) The educational ideal and physical education were largely affected by the geographical, social, political and economical backgrounds and the nationality and its religions.
(4) The education of ancient society was that of the classical, sexual, prejudicial differentiation and the physical activity had noble, military inclinations.
(5) The common physical subjects in the ancient society were mostly the dancing accompanied with religious ritual, the military training of the upper-class, archery, horsemanship, swordsmanship, wrestling, boxing, spear, running, as sports and recreations. And in Greek period, there were Discuss and charioteering.
(6) The family education took the important part in the ancient society. Also, comparing the Sparta with Athene in the Panhellenic games the Spartan training with scientific methods also very effective.