이사야 40-66장에 나타난 종과 종들 -종의 주제 변이를 중심으로- = The Servant and Servants in Isaiah 40-66: Thematic Variations on the Servant

국문 초록 (Abstract)

구약 주해에서 가장 논쟁이 되는 이슈 가운데 하나는 이사야서에 나타난 수수께끼 같은 종의 문제를 해결하는 것이다. 학자들의 지배적인 관심의 초점은 종의 정체성에 관한 것이었다. 그러나 종의 정체성에 대한 탐구는 난관에 봉착했다. 따라서 본 소고는 종의 문제를 이사야 40-66장의 넓은 담화 단위 안에서 종의 주제의 변이의 관점으로 연구하려고 한다. 종의 정체성과 하나님의 대행자인 그의 기능을 논의한다. 하나님의 지명된 대행자로서 종의 정체성은 실제적인 이스라엘, 이상적인 이스라엘, 고레스, 개인적인 선지자적 인물, 고난의 인물과 같은 주제의 발전을 보이며 발전한다. 그와 동시에 이사야 40-52장 전반에 걸쳐 종의 주제는 그의 사명과 인격에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 이사야 52:13-53:12에서 고난의 종의 사명은 백성들을 위한 대리적 고난으로 특징지어지며 그 사명의 결과는 백성들의 죄악을 담당하고 그들을 의롭게 하므로 그들에게 구원을 주는 것이다. 고난의 종의 사명의 혜택을 입은 자들은 본문에서 복수 용어로 설명된다. “우리”와 “많은 사람.” 이 두 용어는 죄를 고백하는 이스라엘, 종에게 반응하는 열방들, 이스라엘의 자녀들을 포함한다. 고난의 종의 사역을 통하여 의롭게 된 자들은 주님의 종들의 일원이 된다(54:17). 이사야 56-66장은 종들의 인격과 자질을 강조하면서 종들의 주제를 더욱 발전시킨다. 국가나 민족의 장벽에 상관없이 하나님께 의와 공의로 신실하게 반응하는 자들은 종들이다(56:1-8; 57:3; 58:1-14). 종들은 공동체의 죄악을 바라보며 탄식하는 자들이다(63:7-64:11). 또한 종들은 야곱의 자손이며 땅과 거룩한 산의 상속자들이며 하나님의 택함을 입은 자들이며 하나님을 간절히 찾는 자들이다(65:9-16).

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

One of the most provocative issues in Old Testament exegesis has been to solve the problem of the enigmatic servant figure in the book of Isaiah. The dominant scholarly concern has been focused on the identity of the servant. However, the quest for the identity of the servant results in an impasse. Thus, this study explores the servant theme from the perspective of the variations on the theme of the servant within the larger discourse unit(Isaiah 40-66). The servant theme is discussed not only in terms of the identify of the servant, but also his function as God’s agent. While there is thematic progression in the identity of the servant as God’s appointed agent, by way of empirical Israel, ideal Israel, Cyrus, an individual prophetic figure, and a suffering figure, the servant theme throughout chapters 40-52 persistently focuses on the task, character. In Isaiah 52:13-53:12, the task of the suffering servant is characterized by the vicarious suffering of the people and his task results in the salvation of the people by his bearing their sins and making them righteous. The beneficiaries of the task of the suffering servant can be explained by the plural terms in the text: “we” and “many.” These two terms embrace the confessional Israel, the responsive nations, and the children of Israel. Those who are justified by the suffering servant is incorporated as the servants of the Lord(54:17). Isaiah 56-66 further develops the servants theme by emphasizing the character and qualification of them. Regardless of nationality and ethnicity those who faithfully respond to God with righteousness and justice are the servants(56:1-8; 57:3; 58:13-14). The servants are offspring of Jacob, heirs of the land and holy mountain, God’s chosen people, those who seek God(65:9-16).

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