What is the Role of the Association of Informal Workers in the Formalization Process of Scavengers? A Comparative Study Between India and Kenya

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The study investigates the role of informal worker associations in scavenger formalization in Pune, India, and Nairobi, Kenya. Despite the informal sectors’ substantial contributions to waste management in developing countries, the formalization of scavenging poses challenges. Based on the theory of change (ToC) on formalization suggested by the International Labor Organization (ILO), this study develops a new framework to assess associations’ pivotal role in different steps of formalization. The findings reveal how Pune exhibits successful formalization due to robust associations, while Nairobi faces obstacles with limited government support and infrastructure, resulting in hazardous conditions for scavengers. The study concludes by identifying how a comparative analysis underscores the need for comprehensive policies and greater governmental commitment to integrate scavengers into the formal sector, emphasizing the importance of longitudinal cross-cultural research. By uncovering formalization steps advocated by associations, this study provides insights for effective processes and advocates for improved working conditions, contributing to global waste management.