한국기업의 해외자회사에 대한 국제기술이전 성과의 결정요인: 통합적 접근방법 = Factors Affecting Performance of Technology Transfer from Korean Firms to their Foreign Subsidiaries: An Integrated Approach

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 국내기업의 해외자회사 기술이전에 있어, 과거연구를 통해 밝혀진 국제기술이전의 다차원적인 선행요인들이 어떠한 프로세스를 통해 기술이전 성과에 영향을 미치는지 종합적으로 살펴보고자 하는데 있다. 이를 위해, 국내기업의 해외자회사 중 현지 생산기능을 확보하고 있는 17개국 소재, 195개 자회사 자료를 활용하여 가설을 실증 분석한 결과, 첫째, 모기업의 전수능력과 자회사의 흡수역량은 기술이전 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 전수능력은 기술이전 성과에 직접적으로 영향을 미칠 뿐 아니라 흡수역량을 매개하여 간접적으로도 기술이전 성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 실증되었다. 둘째, 모기업의 전수능력에 영향을 미치는 변수로는 기술의 암묵성이 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 기술의 특유성 및 모기업의 기술개발능력과 공유의지, 자회사와의 조직문화 유사성, 관계의 질은 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 자회사 흡수역량에 영향을 미치는 변수는 이전되는 기술의 특유성 및 자회사의 기술개발능력, 인적역량, 도입의지, 자회사의 경영 자율성, 시장잠재력이며, 이들 변수는 흡수역량에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 기술이전 성과에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 요인은 전수능력과 흡수역량이며, 다른 선행요인들은 전수능력 및 흡수역량을 경유하여 간접적으로 기술이전 성과에 영향을 미친다는 것을 시사한다. 본 연구는 기존연구를 통해 밝혀진 다차원적인 특성 요인들이 어떠한 프로세스를 통해 기술이전 성과에 영향을 미치는지 설명할 수 있는 통합모형을 제시하고 이를 실증하였다는데 학문적 의의가 있다. 이러한 분석결과는 국내기업의 해외자회사 기술이전을 위한 전략수립 및 조직운영방안에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is designed to identify factors affecting performance of technology transfer from Korean parent firms to their foreign subsidiaries. Most previous studies focusing on this topic have relied on limited theoretical paradigms and variables. To overcome weakness of the past studies we developed an integrated model of technology transfer by combining three theoretical paradigms: resource-based view, industrial organizational E-S-P (environment - strategy - performance) paradigm, and relational perspective. We collected data from one hundred ninety-five foreign subsidiaries of Korean parent firms located in seventeen countries and used structural equation modeling as a statistical analysis method. The analysis results have following findings. First, both disseminative capacity of the parent firms and absorptive capacity of their foreign subsidiaries affect technology transfer performance in a positive way. Also, the disseminative capacity affects the technology transfer performance indirectly through improving the subsidiary``s absorptive capacity. Second, the findings suggest that such factors as specificity of the technology, parent``s R&D capacity, willingness to share technology, compatible organizational culture, and relationship quality affect the parent firm``s disseminative capacity positively while tacitness of the technology negatively affect it. Third, factors affecting the subsidiary``s absorptive capacity are found to be specificity of the subsidiary``s R&D capacity, human capability, willingness to lean, autonomy of subsidiary, and local market potential. Business implication of the finding is that in order to transfer technology successfully from parent firms to their foreign subsidiaries, parent firms should increase R&D capacity, willingness to share technology, explicitness and specificity of the technology to improve their disseminative capacity. Also, foreign subsidiaries should increase R&D capacity, human capability, willingness to learn, and managerial autonomy to improve their absorptive capacity.

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