한국의 근대 신종교, 근대적 종교로서의정착과 그 한계: 개벽사상을 중심으로 = New Religions in Modern Korea, Their Establishment and Limitation as Modern Religions: Focusing on the Idea of Gaebyeok

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article aims at examing Gaebyeok ideas of New-religion, focusing on how it was formed in the beginning and in the process of development of civilization and colonization of Korea. Also, the article did try to reveal how New-religion established identity as a Modern-religion in the process. Gaebyeok ideas is salvation logic, commonly coming from Modernreligions of Korea. Because this ideas was formed based on the traditional folk beliefs, it is quite different from Western modernity. So it holds fusion of sacred and secular, blend of body and mind, sophisticated match of spirit and matter. Gaebyeok ideas has been deployed in various forms while accepting modernity or resisting it, depending on the time. It appeared first in the the Re-Gaebyeok of Donghak and the Calendar Gaebyeok of Jungryeok(正易), In the second place, after the failure of Donghak Revolution, Cheonjigongsa(天地公事) of Jeungsangyo emerged. In the third place, after the Russo-Japanese War, the Civilizathion-Gaebyeok(文明開闢) of Chondogyo and the Sky-brook gaebyeok(開天開闢) of Daejonggyo emerged.. Lastly, after 3·1 movement the New social geabyeok of Yidonhwa(李敦化) and the Spiritual gaebyeok (精神開闢) of Wonbuddhism followed by. The structure of Gaebyeok ideas and modern civilization is similar in the sense of stopping past and new consciousness, but the content is quite different. And so, Modern Religions were forced to go down the road of modernization, which is different from the western Modern religion. They had to choose whether civilized modern religion which modern society has recognized or more religious, so-called mystery religions. If the former is the religious road, orienting to the modern superstition overcoming and the separation of church from politics, so the latter is religious road created by the modern but alienated from the secular. Gaebyeok ideas of New-religions, however, could not dwell only in the two ways of these Modern religions. Beacuse the logic of collective salvation takes form of nationalistic tendencies. New-religions fell dormant underground, after dismantling such recognized Japanese Buddhism, Christianity, Shindo concepts and superstition derived from Modern religion and treated as a religion received simlilar parasitic. The New-religion did go neither the way of traditional religions, such as Buddhism, Confucianism nor the way of christian religion as settled the civilized modernization. So it settled down the other way of modernization and finally the formation of primal resistance-nationalism in this land. They did perform the role of cultural or ethnic identity, which christianity coming from the west or traditional religion in promoting modernization are not able to cover.