A Review of Academic Discourses of Cultural Landscape - for the Extension and Application to the Landscape Heritage Study and Policy -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Cultural landscape, which was mainly referred in art, philosophy, and geography, has recently become an important terminology in heritage theory and practice as well as related research and policy. In particular, as the concept of heritage value was expanded to place-based ‘living heritage’, and UNESCO applied cultural landscape to deal with the everyday realm of human beings in 1992, the discussion of cultural landscape surged rapidly. As cultural landscape research, which began to be discussed in the West in the 19th century, was adopted as a theory to expand the scope of spatial planning and heritage field, cultural landscape is no longer semantic term, but a specific and practical policy term. However, compared to the recent growing interest in cultural landscapes in Korea, academic discourses on cultural landscapes have rarely been mentioned in related studies or even efforts to enlist valuable sites as World Heritage Cultural Landscape.
This paper, therefore, reviewed the origin, evolutionary change, and current use of cultural landscape as an academic term by examining interdisciplinary academic discussions of cultural landscape centered on cultural geography in the Western world over the past 100 years. As the study of cultural landscape began to be widely conducted by geographer, Carl O. Sauer, discourse on cultural landscape has expanded to three academic perspectives: ‘landscape as form, landscape as symbol, and landscape as place.’ The theoretical foundation of the cultural landscape, the ‘combined works of man and nature’, which have revealed and sustained the great diversity of the interaction between human and their environment, accommodates various interpretation of the landscape from diverse cultural perspectives, and has been a platform of communication and convergence with various fields. In this way, by reviewing the cultural landscape discourse as an academic term, this paper is expected to provide a theoretical basis for domestic cultural landscape research, and furthermore, to serve as a basis for expanding the concept of landscape heritage and establishing related policies.

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