수술 동영상에서의 인공지능을 사용한 출혈 검출 연구 = A Study on the Bleeding Detection Using Artificial Intelligence in Surgery Video

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Recently, many studies have introduced artificial intelligence systems in the surgical process to reduce the incidence and mortality of complications in patients. Bleeding is a major cause of operative mortality and com- plications. However, there have been few studies conducted on detecting bleeding in surgical videos. To advance the development of deep learning models for detecting intraoperative hemorrhage, three models have been trained and compared; such as, YOLOv5, RetinaNet50, and RetinaNet101. We collected 1,016 bleeding images extracted from five surgical videos. The ground truths were labeled based on agreement from two specialists. To train and evaluate models, we divided the datasets into training data, validation data, and test data. For training, 812 images (80%) were selected from the dataset. Another 102 images (10%) were used for evaluation and the remaining 102 images (10%) were used as the evaluation data. The three main metrics used to evaluate performance are precision, recall, and false positive per image (FPPI). Based on the evaluation metrics, RetinaNet101 achieved the best detection results out of the three models (Precision rate of 0.99±0.01, Recall rate of 0.93±0.02, and FPPI of 0.01±0.01). The infor- mation on the bleeding detected in surgical videos can be quickly transmitted to the operating room, improving patient outcomes.